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DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.329
	Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere of Nepal: Distribution, sources, seasonal trends, and cancer risk
	Pokhrel, Balram; Gong, Ping; Wang, Xiaoping; Wang, Chuanfei; Gao, Shaoping
通讯作者	Wang, XP (通讯作者)
发表日期	2018
ISSN	0048-9697
EISSN	1879-1026
起始页码	1583
结束页码	1590
卷号	618
英文摘要	Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban areas have always been a global concern, as these areas are considered to be the source region. Despite studies on the concentrations of PAHs in water, soils and sediments, knowledge of the distribution patterns, seasonality and sources of PAHs in urban areas of Nepal remains limited. In this study, polyurethane foam passive air samplers were used to measure gas-phase PAH concentrations over different land types in three major cities of Nepal-namely, Kathmandu (the capital) and Pokhara (both densely populated cities), and Hetauda (an agricultural city). The average concentrations of Sigma 15PAHs in ng/m(3) were 16.1 +/- 7.0 (6.4-28.6), 14.1 +/- 6.2 (6.8-29.4) and 11.1 +/- 9.0 (4.1-38.0) in Kathmandu, Pokhara and Hetauda, respectively. Molecular diagnostic ratio analysis suggested that fossil fuel combustion was a common PAH source for all three cities. In addition to this, coal combustion in Kathmandu, vehicle emissions in Pokhara, and grass/wood combustion in Hetauda were also possible sources of PAHs. In terms of cancer risk from PAH inhalation, a religious site with intense incense burning, a brick production area where extensive coal combustion is common, and a market place with heavy traffic emission, were associated with a higher risk than other areas. There were no clear seasonal trends in atmospheric PAHs. The estimated cancer risk due to inhalation of gas-phase PAHs exceeded the USEPA standard at >90% of the sites. (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
关键词	PUNJAB PROVINCE PAKISTAN PASSIVE AIR SAMPLERS SOURCE IDENTIFICATION SOURCE APPORTIONMENT SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION KATHMANDU VALLEY EMISSION FACTORS NORTH CHINA PAHS SOILS
英文关键词	Nepali cities; Atmosphere; PAHs; Sources; Cancer risks
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:000424130500157
来源期刊	SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
来源机构	中国科学院青藏高原研究所
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/259232
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Pokhrel, Balram,Gong, Ping,Wang, Xiaoping,et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere of Nepal: Distribution, sources, seasonal trends, and cancer risk[J]. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所,2018,618.
APA	Pokhrel, Balram,Gong, Ping,Wang, Xiaoping,Wang, Chuanfei,&Gao, Shaoping.(2018).Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere of Nepal: Distribution, sources, seasonal trends, and cancer risk.SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,618.
MLA	Pokhrel, Balram,et al."Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere of Nepal: Distribution, sources, seasonal trends, and cancer risk".SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 618(2018).