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DOI	10.1038/s41559-021-01487-z
	A 51,000-year-old engraved bone reveals Neanderthals’ capacity for symbolic behaviour
	Leder D.; Hermann R.; Hüls M.; Russo G.; Hoelzmann P.; Nielbock R.; B?hner U.; Lehmann J.; Meier M.; Schwalb A.; Tr?ller-Reimer A.; Koddenberg T.; Terberger T.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	2397-334X
起始页码	1273
结束页码	1282
卷号	5 期号:9
英文摘要	While there is substantial evidence for art and symbolic behaviour in early Homo sapiens across Africa and Eurasia, similar evidence connected to Neanderthals is sparse and often contested in scientific debates. Each new discovery is thus crucial for our understanding of Neanderthals’ cognitive capacity. Here we report on the discovery of an at least 51,000-year-old engraved giant deer phalanx found at the former cave entrance of Einhornh?hle, northern Germany. The find comes from an apparent Middle Palaeolithic context that is linked to Neanderthals. The engraved bone demonstrates that conceptual imagination, as a prerequisite to compose individual lines into a coherent design, was present in Neanderthals. Therefore, Neanderthal’s awareness of symbolic meaning is very likely. Our findings show that Neanderthals were capable of creating symbolic expressions before H. sapiens arrived in Central Europe. ? 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	animal; bone; cave; deer; Europe; Homo neanderthalensis; human; newborn; Animals; Bone and Bones; Caves; Deer; Europe; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Neanderthals
来源期刊	Nature Ecology & Evolution
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/256881
作者单位	State Service for Cultural Heritage Lower Saxony (Nieders?chsisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege), Hannover, Germany; Seminar of Prehistoric Archaeology, Georg-August-University G?ttingen, G?ttingen, Germany; Leibniz-Laboratory for Radiometric Dating and Stable Isotope Research, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Geographical Sciences, Freie Universit?t, Berlin, Germany; Gesellschaft Unicornu fossile e.V., Einhornh?hle, G?ttingen, Germany; Institute of Geosystems and Bioindication, Technische Universit?t Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany; Department of Wood Biology and Wood Products, Georg-August-University G?ttingen, G?ttingen, Germany
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Leder D.,Hermann R.,Hüls M.,等. A 51,000-year-old engraved bone reveals Neanderthals’ capacity for symbolic behaviour[J],2021,5(9).
APA	Leder D..,Hermann R..,Hüls M..,Russo G..,Hoelzmann P..,...&Terberger T..(2021).A 51,000-year-old engraved bone reveals Neanderthals’ capacity for symbolic behaviour.Nature Ecology & Evolution,5(9).
MLA	Leder D.,et al."A 51,000-year-old engraved bone reveals Neanderthals’ capacity for symbolic behaviour".Nature Ecology & Evolution 5.9(2021).