气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Ethnic conflict as a risk amplifier for resurgent P. vivax malaria in temperate zones: A case study from the Caucasus region

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DOI	10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102495
	Ethnic conflict as a risk amplifier for resurgent P. vivax malaria in temperate zones: A case study from the Caucasus region
	Hirschfeld K.; de Beurs K.; Brayfield B.P.; Melkonyan A.
发表日期	2022
ISSN	0959-3780
卷号	74
英文摘要	One of the most protracted post-Soviet conflicts of the 1990s was a territorial dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the contested Karabakh region. Years of ethnic violence led to the displacement of nearly a million refugees, as well as a public health crisis that included epidemics of malaria, diphtheria and other preventable diseases. Malaria is not usually considered a health risk in temperate climates, but seasonal epidemics were widespread throughout the Caucasus in the early decades of the twentieth century. This paper combines qualitative historical research with geospatial analysis to explore how endemic malaria was controlled during the Soviet era, and how ethnic conflict reconfigured local ecologies to facilitate the re-emergence of P. vivax after the Soviet collapse in the 1990s. This research reveals that ethnic conflicts have specific qualities that increase risks of infectious and vector borne disease outbreaks, even in places that have successfully achieved a modern health and mortality profile. The risk amplifiers of ethnic conflicts include 1) the creation of contested spaces controlled by separatists that are outside of any national public health surveillance system; 2) mass population movements and refugee outflows due to ethnic violence; and 3) changes in land use that expand potential mosquito breeding sites throughout the conflict zone. Continued hostilities between Armenia and Azerbaijan, combined with the repopulation of key vector species (specifically An. sacharovi) lead us to conclude that populations in the Caucasus remain vulnerable to resurgent outbreaks of ethno-nationalist violence as well as the return of seasonal malaria, even after decades of successful control. © 2022 The Author(s)
英文关键词	Armenia; Azerbaijan; Caucasus; Emerging infectious diseases; Ethnic violence; Malaria; Refugees
语种	英语
scopus关键词	ethnic conflict; health risk; malaria; mortality; public health; risk assessment; temperate environment; territorial dispute; violence; Armenia [West Asia]; Azerbaijan; Caucasus
来源期刊	Global Environmental Change
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/256644
作者单位	University of Oklahoma, Department of Anthropology, Dale Hall Tower, 455 West Lindsey, Norman, OK 73019, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Hirschfeld K.,de Beurs K.,Brayfield B.P.,et al. Ethnic conflict as a risk amplifier for resurgent P. vivax malaria in temperate zones: A case study from the Caucasus region[J],2022,74.
APA	Hirschfeld K.,de Beurs K.,Brayfield B.P.,&Melkonyan A..(2022).Ethnic conflict as a risk amplifier for resurgent P. vivax malaria in temperate zones: A case study from the Caucasus region.Global Environmental Change,74.
MLA	Hirschfeld K.,et al."Ethnic conflict as a risk amplifier for resurgent P. vivax malaria in temperate zones: A case study from the Caucasus region".Global Environmental Change 74(2022).