气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Biofuels policy and innovation impacts: Evidence from biofuels and agricultural patent indicators

CCPortal

DOI	10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112767
	Biofuels policy and innovation impacts: Evidence from biofuels and agricultural patent indicators
	Nelson K.P.; Parton L.C.; Brown Z.S.
发表日期	2022
ISSN	0301-4215
卷号	162
英文摘要	In the early 2000s, governments implemented policies stimulating the use of ethanol and biodiesel to reduce carbon emissions and encourage domestic energy production. Blend mandates requiring gasoline or diesel to contain a minimum percentage of these biofuels were a favored policy instrument. Theoretical work by Clancy and Moschini (2017) concluded that, if innovation were stimulated by mandates, then the socially optimal mandate would be higher than if innovation were not possible. We test the impact of blend mandates and other biofuels policies on innovation using measures of patenting activity that correspond with research effort and research output. Our analysis shows that ethanol blend mandates significantly increased both R&D effort and quality-weighted innovation output in biofuels technologies while reducing the R&D inputs to plant technologies. This suggests that biofuels innovation increased in response to the policies, with firms substituting some R&D effort away from plant technologies research. Despite decreased R&D effort, output of plant innovation held steady as effort shifted to biofuels, supporting the presence of a spillover effect between biofuels innovation and plant innovation. We find that biodiesel blend mandates did not significantly impact R&D efforts in either plant or biofuels technologies. Furthermore, policies other than blend mandates had varying effects, ranging from limited increases in R&D activity to significant decreases in innovation. JEL Codes: O31, O38, Q16, Q48, Q55. © 2022
英文关键词	Bayesian model averaging; Biofuels; Biotechnology; Patenting
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Bayesian networks; Biodiesel; Ethanol; Bayesian model averaging; Biofuels policies; Carbon emissions; Domestic energy; Energy productions; Impact evidences; Patenting activities; Plant technologies; Policy instruments; Research efforts; Patents and inventions; agricultural technology; Bayesian analysis; biofuel; biotechnology; energy policy; innovation; research and development
来源期刊	Energy Policy
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/256364
作者单位	U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, United States; Department of Economics, Boise State University, United States; Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, North Carolina State University, United States; Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State University, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Nelson K.P.,Parton L.C.,Brown Z.S.. Biofuels policy and innovation impacts: Evidence from biofuels and agricultural patent indicators[J],2022,162.
APA	Nelson K.P.,Parton L.C.,&Brown Z.S..(2022).Biofuels policy and innovation impacts: Evidence from biofuels and agricultural patent indicators.Energy Policy,162.
MLA	Nelson K.P.,et al."Biofuels policy and innovation impacts: Evidence from biofuels and agricultural patent indicators".Energy Policy 162(2022).