气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Mapping Frozen Ground in the Qilian Mountains in 2004-2019 Using Google Earth Engine Cloud Computing

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DOI	10.3390/rs13010149
	Mapping Frozen Ground in the Qilian Mountains in 2004-2019 Using Google Earth Engine Cloud Computing
	Qi, Yuan; Li, Shiwei; Ran, Youhua; Wang, Hongwei; Wu, Jichun; Lian, Xihong; Luo, Dongliang
通讯作者	Luo, DL (通讯作者)，Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, State Key Lab Frozen Soil Engn, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
发表日期	2021
EISSN	2072-4292
卷号	13 期号:1
英文摘要	The permafrost in the Qilian Mountains (QLMs), the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, changed dramatically in the context of climate warming and increasing anthropogenic activities, which poses significant influences on the stability of the ecosystem, water resources, and greenhouse gas cycles. Yet, the characteristics of the frozen ground in the QLMs are largely unclear regarding the spatial distribution of active layer thickness (ALT), the maximum frozen soil depth (MFSD), and the temperature at the top of the permafrost or the bottom of the MFSD (TTOP). In this study, we simulated the dynamics of the ALT, TTOP, and MFSD in the QLMs in 2004-2019 in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The widely-adopted Stefan Equation and TTOP model were modified to integrate with the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) in GEE. The N-factors, the ratio of near-surface air to ground surface freezing and thawing indices, were assigned to the freezing and thawing indices derived with MODIS LST in considerations of the fractional vegetation cover derived from MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The results showed that the GEE platform and remote sensing imagery stored in Google cloud could be quickly and effectively applied to obtain the spatial and temporal variation of permafrost distribution. The area with TTOP < 0 degrees C is 8.4 x 10(4) km(2) (excluding glaciers and lakes) and accounts for 46.6% of the whole QLMs, the regional mean ALT is 2.43 +/- 0.44 m, while the regional mean MFSD is 2.54 +/- 0.45 m. The TTOP and ALT increase with the decrease of elevation from the sources of the sub-watersheds to middle and lower reaches. There is a strong correlation between TTOP and elevation (slope = -1.76 degrees C km(-1), p < 0.001). During 2004-2019, the area of permafrost decreased by 20% at an average rate of 0.074 x 10(4) km(2)center dot yr(-1). The regional mean MFSD decreased by 0.1 m at a rate of 0.63 cm center dot yr(-1), while the regional mean ALT showed an exception of a decreasing trend from 2.61 +/- 0.45 m during 2004-2005 to 2.49 +/- 0.4 m during 2011-2015. Permafrost loss in the QLMs in 2004-2019 was accelerated in comparison with that in the past several decades. Compared with published permafrost maps, this study shows better calculation results of frozen ground in the QLMs.
关键词	QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU NEAR-SURFACE PERMAFROST ACTIVE-LAYER THICKNESS THERMAL REGIME CLIMATE-CHANGE TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY SIMULATION CHINA MAP
英文关键词	Qilian mountains; permafrost; Stefan Equation; TTOP model; climate change; Google Earth Engine
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Geology ; Remote Sensing ; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences ; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary ; Remote Sensing ; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
WOS记录号	WOS:000606213700001
来源期刊	REMOTE SENSING
来源机构	中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/253861
作者单位	[Qi, Yuan; Ran, Youhua; Wang, Hongwei; Lian, Xihong] Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, Key Lab Remote Sensing Gansu Prov, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China; [Li, Shiwei] Piesat Informat Technol Co Ltd, Beijing 100000, Peoples R China; [Wu, Jichun; Luo, Dongliang] Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, State Key Lab Frozen Soil Engn, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China; [Lian, Xihong] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, 19A Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Qi, Yuan,Li, Shiwei,Ran, Youhua,et al. Mapping Frozen Ground in the Qilian Mountains in 2004-2019 Using Google Earth Engine Cloud Computing[J]. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,2021,13(1).
APA	Qi, Yuan.,Li, Shiwei.,Ran, Youhua.,Wang, Hongwei.,Wu, Jichun.,...&Luo, Dongliang.(2021).Mapping Frozen Ground in the Qilian Mountains in 2004-2019 Using Google Earth Engine Cloud Computing.REMOTE SENSING,13(1).
MLA	Qi, Yuan,et al."Mapping Frozen Ground in the Qilian Mountains in 2004-2019 Using Google Earth Engine Cloud Computing".REMOTE SENSING 13.1(2021).