气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): A squalene-hopene cyclase in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus represents a eukaryotic adaptation to sterol-limited anaerobic environments

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2105225118
	A squalene-hopene cyclase in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus represents a eukaryotic adaptation to sterol-limited anaerobic environments
	Bouwknegt J.; Wiersma S.J.; Ortiz-Merino R.A.; Doornenbal E.S.R.; Buitenhuis P.; Giera M.; Müller C.; Pronk J.T.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0027-8424
卷号	118 期号:32
英文摘要	Biosynthesis of sterols, which are key constituents of canonical eukaryotic membranes, requiresmolecular oxygen. Anaerobic protists and deep-branching anaerobic fungi are the only eukaryotes in which a mechanism for sterol-independent growth has been elucidated. In these organisms, tetrahymanol, formed through oxygen-independent cyclization of squalene by a squalene-tetrahymanol cyclase, acts as a sterol surrogate. This study confirms an early report [C. J. E. A. Bulder, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 37, 353-358 (1971)] that Schizosaccharomyces japonicus is exceptional among yeasts in growing anaerobically on synthetic media lacking sterols and unsaturated fatty acids. Mass spectrometry of lipid fractions of anaerobically grown Sch. japonicus showed the presence of hopanoids, a class of cyclic triterpenoids not previously detected in yeasts, including hop-22(29)-ene, hop- 17(21)-ene, hop-21(22)-ene, and hopan-22-ol. A putative gene in Sch. japonicus showed high similarity to bacterial squalene-hopene cyclase (SHC) genes and in particular to those of Acetobacter species. No orthologs of the putative Sch. japonicus SHC were found in other yeast species. Expression of the Sch. japonicus SHC gene (Sjshc1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae enabled hopanoid synthesis and stimulated anaerobic growth in sterol-free media, thus indicating that one or more of the hopanoids produced by SjShc1 could at least partially replace sterols. Use of hopanoids as sterol surrogates represents a previously unknown adaptation of eukaryotic cells to anaerobic growth. The fast anaerobic growth of Sch. japonicus in sterol-free media is an interesting trait for developing robust fungal cell factories for application in anaerobic industrial processes. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Anaerobic; Hopanoids; Schizosaccharomyces; Sterols; Yeast
语种	英语
scopus关键词	ergosterol; hopanoid; hopene cyclase; squalene synthase; sterol; transferase; unclassified drug; unsaturated fatty acid; bacterial protein; diploptene; diplopterol; ergosterol; fungal protein; mutase; squalene-hopene cyclase; sterol; triterpene; unsaturated fatty acid; anaerobic growth; Article; eukaryotic cell; evolutionary adaptation; fungal biomass; fungal gene; gene expression; lipid analysis; lipid composition; mass spectrometry; nonhuman; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Schizosaccharomyces japonicus; Sjshc1 gene; adaptation; chemistry; culture medium; drug effect; gene expression regulation; genetics; growth, development and aging; metabolism; pharmacology; physiology; Schizosaccharomyces; Adaptation, Biological; Anaerobiosis; Bacterial Proteins; Culture Media; Ergosterol; Eukaryotic Cells; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Fungal Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Intramolecular Transferases; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Schizosaccharomyces; Sterols; Triterpenes
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/251078
作者单位	Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2629 HZ, Netherlands; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximillians University Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Bouwknegt J.,Wiersma S.J.,Ortiz-Merino R.A.,et al. A squalene-hopene cyclase in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus represents a eukaryotic adaptation to sterol-limited anaerobic environments[J],2021,118(32).
APA	Bouwknegt J..,Wiersma S.J..,Ortiz-Merino R.A..,Doornenbal E.S.R..,Buitenhuis P..,...&Pronk J.T..(2021).A squalene-hopene cyclase in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus represents a eukaryotic adaptation to sterol-limited anaerobic environments.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(32).
MLA	Bouwknegt J.,et al."A squalene-hopene cyclase in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus represents a eukaryotic adaptation to sterol-limited anaerobic environments".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.32(2021).