气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Circular economy strategies for electric vehicle batteries reduce reliance on raw materials

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DOI	10.1038/s41893-020-00607-0
	Circular economy strategies for electric vehicle batteries reduce reliance on raw materials
	Baars J.; Domenech T.; Bleischwitz R.; Melin H.E.; Heidrich O.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	2398-9629
起始页码	71
结束页码	79
卷号	4 期号:1
英文摘要	The wide adoption of lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles will require increased natural resources for the automotive industry. The expected rapid increase in batteries could result in new resource challenges and supply-chain risks. To strengthen the resilience and sustainability of automotive supply chains and reduce primary resource requirements, circular economy strategies are needed. Here we illustrate how these strategies can reduce the extraction of primary raw materials, that is, cobalt supplies. Material flow analysis is applied to understand current and future flows of cobalt embedded in electric vehicle batteries across the European Union. A reference scenario is presented and compared with four strategies: technology-driven substitution and technology-driven reduction of cobalt, new business models to stimulate battery reuse/recycling and policy-driven strategy to increase recycling. We find that new technologies provide the most promising strategies to reduce the reliance on cobalt substantially but could result in burden shifting such as an increase in nickel demand. To avoid the latter, technological developments should be combined with an efficient recycling system. We conclude that more-ambitious circular economy strategies, at both government and business levels, are urgently needed to address current and future resource challenges across the supply chain successfully. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Automotive industry; Cobalt; Electric vehicles; Electronic Waste; Lithium-ion batteries; Recycling; Supply chains; Automotive supply chains; Efficient recycling; Electric vehicle batteries; Material flow analysis; New business models; Primary resources; Supply chain risk; Technological development; Automotive batteries
来源期刊	Nature Sustainability
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/249901
作者单位	School of Engineering, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Circular Energy Storage Research and Consulting, London, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Baars J.,Domenech T.,Bleischwitz R.,et al. Circular economy strategies for electric vehicle batteries reduce reliance on raw materials[J],2021,4(1).
APA	Baars J.,Domenech T.,Bleischwitz R.,Melin H.E.,&Heidrich O..(2021).Circular economy strategies for electric vehicle batteries reduce reliance on raw materials.Nature Sustainability,4(1).
MLA	Baars J.,et al."Circular economy strategies for electric vehicle batteries reduce reliance on raw materials".Nature Sustainability 4.1(2021).