气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Quantification of within-vehicle exposure to NOx and particles: Variation with outside air quality, route choice and ventilation options

CCPortal

DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117810
	Quantification of within-vehicle exposure to NOx and particles: Variation with outside air quality, route choice and ventilation options
	Matthaios V.N.; Kramer L.J.; Crilley L.R.; Sommariva R.; Pope F.D.; Bloss W.J.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	1352-2310
卷号	240
英文摘要	Vehicle use, as driver or passenger, is a key transport mode and important microenvironment for personal exposure to air pollutants. Here, the air pollution exposure of vehicle occupants, relative to external, ambient levels was explored under different vehicle ventilation settings and driving routes in an urban area. Four vehicles were driven on a consistent route encompassing three contrasting road types, measuring simultaneous within-vehicle and ambient levels of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, PM1), ultrafine particles number (UFP), lung surface deposited area (LSDA), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). For the majority of ventilation settings available, the inside/outside (I/OVEH) ratio for PM10, PM2.5, PM1, UFP, LSDA and NO2 concentrations was below 1, with the exception of NO, for which the ratio was independent of ventilation settings, within uncertainty. The lowest within-vehicle exposure for particles and gases was observed under the conditions of windows closed, recirculation and air conditioning on. Vehicle occupants are exposed to and inhale more air pollution when traveling on urban roads, followed by ring-roads and sub-urban roads. However, through reduced within-vehicle concentrations and reduced physical activity and hence breathing rate, they inhale less air pollution than people cycling/walking on the same routes. Within-vehicle air pollution exposure displays significant dependence upon both the ventilation setting and route selected. Vehicle occupants can, therefore, modify their personal exposure through these choices. Finally, vehicle occupants inhale more mass of NO2 than PM2.5 with a trip-average inhalation dose ratio of 6.4 (NO2 dose/PM2.5 dose). These results may have significant health impacts upon highly exposed groups such as professional drivers. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
关键词	Air pollution exposure Commuting Driving Inhalation dose Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen oxides Particles
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Air conditioning; Air quality; Exposure controls; Nitric oxide; Nitrogen oxides; Air pollution exposures; Microenvironments; Nitrogen dioxides; Particulate Matter; Personal exposures; Professional drivers; Ultrafine particle; Vehicle occupants; Vehicles; nitric oxide; nitrogen dioxide; nitrogen oxide; air conditioning; air quality; concentration (composition); nitric oxide; nitrogen dioxide; particulate matter; physical activity; pollution exposure; quantitative analysis; traffic emission; ventilation; adolescent; air conditioning; air pollutant; air pollution; air quality; ambient air; Article; breathing rate; child; concentration (parameter); cycling; environmental exposure; female; human; inhalation; lung ventilation; male; motor vehicle; particulate matter; pedestrian; physical activity; priority journal; travel; urban area; walking
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/248985
作者单位	School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Matthaios V.N.,Kramer L.J.,Crilley L.R.,et al. Quantification of within-vehicle exposure to NOx and particles: Variation with outside air quality, route choice and ventilation options[J],2020,240.
APA	Matthaios V.N.,Kramer L.J.,Crilley L.R.,Sommariva R.,Pope F.D.,&Bloss W.J..(2020).Quantification of within-vehicle exposure to NOx and particles: Variation with outside air quality, route choice and ventilation options.ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT,240.
MLA	Matthaios V.N.,et al."Quantification of within-vehicle exposure to NOx and particles: Variation with outside air quality, route choice and ventilation options".ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 240(2020).