气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Distribution of surface carbon monoxide over the Indian subcontinent: Investigation of source contributions using WRF-Chem

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DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117838
	Distribution of surface carbon monoxide over the Indian subcontinent: Investigation of source contributions using WRF-Chem
	I N.; Srivastava S.; Yarragunta Y.; Kumar R.; Mitra D.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	1352-2310
卷号	243
英文摘要	This study investigates fractional contribution of different carbon monoxide (CO) sources over the Indian subcontinent at the surface in 2015 using a tagged tracer approach in the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). Model simulations are evaluated with respect to in-situ and satellite observations. The simulated CO levels reproduced in-situ observations in Pune, Anantapur, Udaipur, Ahmedabad, and Chennai reasonably well with mean bias ranging from −89.9 to 87.0 ppbv and RMSE ranging from 28 to 40% but a poor model performance was noticed in Hyderabad, Jabalpur, and Kanpur with larger mean bias (−259.0–190.9 ppbv) and RMSE (45–96%). Simulated CO concentrations are also compared with CO retrieved by MOPITT at 800 hPa and 200 hPa. At 800 hPa (200 hPa), the annual average WRF-Chem CO varies from 195 ± 69 to 224 ± 93 ppbv (102 ± 25 to 136 ± 21 ppbv) while MOPITT CO varies from 103 ± 26 to 114 ± 29 ppbv (103 ± 30 to 134 ± 33) over different Indian sub-regions. Over most of the regions, good correlation (coefficient of correlation > 0.7) is observed between simulated and satellite observed CO with mean bias of 92–118 ppbv at 800 hPa and −4 to 3 ppbv at 200 hPa. Over the total Indian region, we find the highest contribution from anthropogenic emissions (CO-ANT) and inflow into the model domain from domain boundaries (CO-BACK) with 45–46% contribution each and very small contribution (<5%) of biomass burning (CO-BIOM), biogenic (CO-BIOG) emissions, and photochemical production (CO-CHEM). Fractional contribution of these tracers are analysed over different Indian sub-regions. CO-ANT (21–69%) and CO-BACK (22–66%) contributions are found high throughout the year over all the Indian landmass regions. CO-BACK contribution is found to be maximum (70–95%) over the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. During winter season, CO-ANT and CO-BACK contribute 32–69% and 27–56% respectively over landmass regions of India. During spring, highest CO-BACK (66%) over Western India as compared to other landmass regions is attributed to CO inflow from the Arabian Peninsula and Middle East region. CO-BIOM contributes more than 22% in NE&M (North-East India and Myanmar) during spring due to slash and burn agriculture practice. During summer, transport of cleaner marine air and stronger vertical mixing are major causes of lower CO concentration over all sub-regions. During autumn, CO-ANT contributes 33–70% over different landmass regions. Surface CO concentration is found to be mainly controlled by the direct anthropogenic emission in Indian megacities with a contribution exceeding 70% to CO in Delhi and Kolkata throughout the year. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
关键词	Carbon Monoxide Indian subcontinent Source Attribution WRF-Chem
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Agricultural robots; Air cleaners; Carbon monoxide; Tracers; Anthropogenic emissions; Coefficient of correlation; Indian subcontinents; Photochemical production; Satellite observations; Slash-and-burn agriculture; Source contributions; Weather research and forecasting models; Weather forecasting; carbon monoxide; anthropogenic source; biogenic emission; biomass burning; carbon monoxide; detection method; hydrocarbon migration; MOPITT; pollutant source; seasonal variation; air pollution; Article; autumn; biomass; burn; chemistry; clinical evaluation; community; comparative study; concentration process; controlled study; correlation coefficient; exhaust gas; forecasting; India; Indian; Middle East; photochemistry; population density; priority journal; seasonal variation; spring; surface area; surface property; weather; weather research and forecasting model coupled with chemistry; Arabian Peninsula; Arabian Sea; Bay of Bengal; India; Indian Ocean; Middle East; Myanmar
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/248888
作者单位	Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation, Dehradun, India; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	I N.,Srivastava S.,Yarragunta Y.,et al. Distribution of surface carbon monoxide over the Indian subcontinent: Investigation of source contributions using WRF-Chem[J],2020,243.
APA	I N.,Srivastava S.,Yarragunta Y.,Kumar R.,&Mitra D..(2020).Distribution of surface carbon monoxide over the Indian subcontinent: Investigation of source contributions using WRF-Chem.ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT,243.
MLA	I N.,et al."Distribution of surface carbon monoxide over the Indian subcontinent: Investigation of source contributions using WRF-Chem".ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 243(2020).