气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Results of comparisons of the predictions of 17 dense gas dispersion models with observations from the Jack Rabbit II chlorine field experiment

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DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117887
	Results of comparisons of the predictions of 17 dense gas dispersion models with observations from the Jack Rabbit II chlorine field experiment
	Mazzola T.; Hanna S.; Chang J.; Bradley S.; Meris R.; Simpson S.; Miner S.; Gant S.; Weil J.; Harper M.; Nikmo J.; Kukkonen J.; Lacome J.-M.; Nibart M.; Björnham O.; Khajehnajafi S.; Habib K.; Armand P.; Bauer T.; Fabbri L.; Spicer T.; Ek N.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1352-2310
卷号	244
英文摘要	The Jack Rabbit II (JR II) chlorine field trials in 2015 and 2016 involved nine 5–20 ton releases of pressurized liquefied chlorine from a tank mounted 1 m above a broad flat desert sand surface. A model comparison study was initiated, where 17 widely-used dense-gas dispersion models were run by scientists in seven countries. Predictions were submitted following specified formats, using specified emissions and meteorology inputs. To compare with the model predictions, sets of observations were defined for the arc-maximum 1–3 s averaged concentrations (arc max C) and for cloud widths and heights (to 20 ppm and 200 ppm contours) at distances from 0.2 to 11.0 km from the release. The initial focus is on the three field trials (1, 6, and 7) that have the highest observed concentrations and that have detailed emissions information. It is found that these models are able to satisfactorily simulate (generally within a factor of two) the observed arc max C's and their variation with downwind distance at this flat desert site. At each downwind distance, the scatter in the arc max C predictions covers about 1 ½ orders of magnitude, but the observed arc max C is within the range of the predictions. The median of the cloud width predictions is about 50% larger than the observed value for the three trials. The median of the cloud height predictions is within about 10% of the observed value. For both cloud width and/or height, there are a few models with large (factor of 3 or higher) overpredictions. Of the 17 models, when compared to observations, there is a core group of 5 or 6 with consistently (across all three trials and all distances) less mean error and scatter in their predictions of arc max C and cloud width and height. However, as a group, the 17 models are performing adequately (using the “factor of two” rule of thumb). An important caveat is that, at the JR II desert site, chlorine deposition is minimal. At a site with vegetation and/or organic-rich soil, the effects of removal of chlorine by deposition are expected to be significant. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
关键词	Dense gas dispersion Jack rabbit II chlorine field experiment Model evaluation
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Chlorine; Deposition; Dispersions; Landforms; Liquefied gases; Dense gas dispersions; Field experiment; Model comparison; Model prediction; Observed values; Orders of magnitude; Organic-rich soil; Width prediction; Forecasting; chlorine; chlorin; concentration (composition); desert soil; dispersion; organic compound; pollutant removal; prediction; soil carbon; soil organic matter; soil pollution; Article; atmospheric dispersion; cloud; desert; evaporation; field experiment; height; meteorology; prediction; priority journal; rural area; surface property; urban area; wind; Lepus
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/248872
作者单位	SAIC, LortonVA, United States; Hanna Consultants, Kennebunkport, ME, United States; RAND Corporation, Arlington, VA, United States; DTRA, Ft. BelvoirVA, United States; HSE, Buxton, Derbyshire, United Kingdom; NCAR, Boulder, CO, United States; DNVGL Digital Solutions, Stockport, United Kingdom; FMIHelsinki, Finland; INERIS, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; ARIA, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; FOI, Umea, Sweden; SAFER Systems, Westlake VillageCA, United States; BAM, Berlin, Germany; CEA, DAM, DIFArpajon F-91297, France; NSWC, DahlgrenVA, United States; EC JRC, Ispra, Italy; Un. Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dorval, Canada
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Mazzola T.,Hanna S.,Chang J.,et al. Results of comparisons of the predictions of 17 dense gas dispersion models with observations from the Jack Rabbit II chlorine field experiment[J],2021,244.
APA	Mazzola T..,Hanna S..,Chang J..,Bradley S..,Meris R..,...&Ek N..(2021).Results of comparisons of the predictions of 17 dense gas dispersion models with observations from the Jack Rabbit II chlorine field experiment.ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT,244.
MLA	Mazzola T.,et al."Results of comparisons of the predictions of 17 dense gas dispersion models with observations from the Jack Rabbit II chlorine field experiment".ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 244(2021).