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DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117956
	Impact of metal additives on particle emission profiles from a fused filament fabrication 3D printer
	Alberts E.; Ballentine M.; Barnes E.; Kennedy A.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1352-2310
卷号	244
英文摘要	Use of three-dimensional (3D) printing in industrial and residential settings has grown exponentially with the development of less expensive equipment. However, understanding of particle emissions from these machines is limited, particularly when additives are integrated into the printable filament feedstocks. In this work, we assessed emissions from a fused filament fabrication (FFF) printer that used two common thermoplastics, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA), and variants of these materials doped with metal additives PLA-copper (PLA-Cu) and ABS-tungsten (ABS-W), the latter of which has not been reported in literature until now. Experiments were performed inside a custom enclosure and emissions were monitored with a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS). Mean particle emission rates were higher for ABS (2.06 × 107 #/cm3) than PLA (1.64 × 106 #/min). Feedstocks with metal additives were observed to have higher mean emission rates of 3.05 × 108 #/min for ABS-W and 4.43 × 105 #/min for PLA-Cu when printed at the same temperature as their respective neat thermoplastics. Median particle diameter by number concentration during printing was greatest for neat PLA (57.2 nm), with PLA-Cu (22.7 nm), ABS (29.7), and ABS-W (26.7) significantly lower. Our results demonstrate that polymer filaments containing metal additives have particle emissions rates an order of magnitude higher than neat polymers printed at the same temperature and emphasize the variability that can occur based on sampling methods and build parameters. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
关键词	3D printing Additive manufacturing Nanomaterial Occupational exposure Thermoplastics Ultrafine particle emissions
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Additives; Fabrication; Feedstocks; Metals; Polymer blends; Printing presses; Reinforced plastics; Styrene; Thermoplastics; Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene; Expensive equipments; Fast mobility particle sizers; Median particle diameters; Number concentration; Particle emissions; Polymer filaments; Three-dimensional (3D) printing; 3D printers; 1,3 butadiene; acrylonitrile; copper; metal; plastic; polylactic acid; polymer; styrene; thermoplastic; unclassified drug; additive; emission; equipment; experimental study; metal; pollution effect; polymer; three-dimensional modeling; Article; cleaning; decontamination; fused deposition modeling; particle size; priority journal; surface area; temperature; three dimensional printing
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/248832
作者单位	HX5, LLC, United States; US Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, United States; US Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Geotechnical & Structures Laboratory, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Alberts E.,Ballentine M.,Barnes E.,et al. Impact of metal additives on particle emission profiles from a fused filament fabrication 3D printer[J],2021,244.
APA	Alberts E.,Ballentine M.,Barnes E.,&Kennedy A..(2021).Impact of metal additives on particle emission profiles from a fused filament fabrication 3D printer.ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT,244.
MLA	Alberts E.,et al."Impact of metal additives on particle emission profiles from a fused filament fabrication 3D printer".ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 244(2021).