气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Iron speciation in particulate matter (PM2.5) from urban Los Angeles using spectro-microscopy methods

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DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117988
	Iron speciation in particulate matter (PM2.5) from urban Los Angeles using spectro-microscopy methods
	Pattammattel A.; Leppert V.J.; Aronstein P.; Robinson M.; Mousavi A.; Sioutas C.; Forman H.J.; O'Day P.A.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1352-2310
卷号	245
英文摘要	The speciation, oxidation states, and relative abundance of iron (Fe) phases in PM2.5 samples from two locations in urban Los Angeles were investigated using a combination of bulk and spatially resolved, element-specific spectroscopy and microscopy methods. Synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of bulk samples in situ (i.e., without extraction or digestion) was used to quantify the relative fractions of major Fe phases, which were corroborated by spatially resolved spectro-microscopy measurements. Ferrihydrite (amorphous Fe(III)-hydroxide) comprised the largest Fe fraction (34–52%), with hematite (α-Fe2O3; 13–23%) and magnetite (Fe3O4; 10–24%) identified as major crystalline oxide components. An Fe-bearing phyllosilicate fraction (16–23%) was fit best with a reference spectrum of a natural illite/smectite mineral, and metallic Fe(0) was a relatively small (2–6%) but easily identified component. Sizes, morphologies, oxidation state, and trace element compositions of Fe-bearing PM from electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) revealed variable and heterogeneous mixtures of Fe species and phases, often associated with carbonaceous material with evidence of surface oxidation. Ferrihydrite (or related Fe(III) hydroxide phases) was ubiquitous in PM samples. It forms as an oxidation or surface alteration product of crystalline Fe phases, and also occurs as coatings or nanoparticles dispersed with other phases as a result of environmental dissolution and re-precipitation reactions. The prevalence of ferrihydrite (and adsorbed Fe(III)) has likely been underestimated in studies of ambient PM because it is non-crystalline, non-magnetic, more soluble than crystalline phases, and found in complex mixtures. Review of potential sources of different particle types suggests that the majority of Fe-bearing PM from these urban sites originates from anthropogenic activities, primarily abrasion products from vehicle braking systems and engine emissions from combustion and/or wear. These variable mixtures have a high probability for electron transfer reactions between Fe, redox-active metals such as copper, and reactive carbon species such as quinones. Our findings suggest the need to assess biological responses of specific Fe-bearing phases both individually and in combination to unravel mechanisms of adverse health effects of particulate Fe. © 2020
关键词	6): PM2.5 Electron energy loss spectroscopy Exhaust emissions Iron speciation Non-exhaust emissions X-ray absorption spectroscopy
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Electron energy levels; Electron energy loss spectroscopy; Electron scattering; Electron transport properties; Energy dissipation; Hematite; Magnetite; Metals; Mixtures; Nanocrystalline materials; Oxidation; Particles (particulate matter); Precipitation (chemical); Quinone; Redox reactions; Scanning electron microscopy; Trace elements; Urban growth; X ray absorption spectroscopy; Adverse health effects; Anthropogenic activity; Carbonaceous materials; Electron-transfer reactions; Heterogeneous mixtures; Scanning transmission x ray microscopy; Synchrotron x ray absorption spectroscopy; Trace element composition; Iron metallography; ferric hydroxide; ferric oxide; iron; magnetite; silicate; silicon dioxide; combustion; detection method; dissolution; iron; particulate matter; phyllosilicate; speciation (chemistry); spectroscopy; adsorption; Article; California; chemical analysis; chemical composition; combustion; crystal structure; dissolution; electron energy loss spectroscopy; electron microscopy; electron transport; elemental analysis; oxidation; oxidation reduction reaction; particle size; particulate matter 2.5; priority journal; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; scanning transmission electron microscopy; surface property; urban area; X ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy; X ray absorption spectroscopy; X ray fluorescence spectrometry; California; Los Angeles [California]; United States
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/248764
作者单位	Sierra Nevada Research Institute and School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 95343, United States; School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, 95343, United States; Environmental Systems Program, University of California, Merced, 95343, United States; Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States; Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Pattammattel A.,Leppert V.J.,Aronstein P.,et al. Iron speciation in particulate matter (PM2.5) from urban Los Angeles using spectro-microscopy methods[J],2021,245.
APA	Pattammattel A..,Leppert V.J..,Aronstein P..,Robinson M..,Mousavi A..,...&O'Day P.A..(2021).Iron speciation in particulate matter (PM2.5) from urban Los Angeles using spectro-microscopy methods.ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT,245.
MLA	Pattammattel A.,et al."Iron speciation in particulate matter (PM2.5) from urban Los Angeles using spectro-microscopy methods".ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 245(2021).