气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Improvements in air quality in the Netherlands during the corona lockdown based on observations and model simulations

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DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118158
	Improvements in air quality in the Netherlands during the corona lockdown based on observations and model simulations
	Velders G.J.M.; Willers S.M.; Wesseling J.; den Elshout S.V.; van der Swaluw E.; Mooibroek D.; van Ratingen S.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1352-2310
卷号	247
英文摘要	The lockdown measures in response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak in 2020 have resulted in reductions in emissions of air pollutants and corresponding ambient concentrations. In the Netherlands, the most stringent lockdown measures were in effect from March to May 2020. These measures coincided with a period of unusual meteorological conditions with wind from the north-east and clear-sky conditions, which complicates the quantification of the effect of the lockdown measures on the air quality. Here we quantify the lockdown effects on the concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx and NO2), particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and ozone (O3) in the Netherlands, by analyzing observations and simulations with the atmospheric chemistry-transport model EMEP/MSC-W in its EMEP4NL configuration, after eliminating the effects of meteorological conditions during the lockdown. Based on statistical analyses with a Random Forest method, we estimate that the lockdown reduced observed NO2 concentrations by 30% (95% confidence interval 25–35%), 26% (21–32%), and 18% (10–25%) for traffic, urban, and rural background locations, respectively. Slightly smaller reductions of 8–28% are found with the EMEP4NL simulations for urban and regional background locations based on estimates in reductions in economic activity and emissions of traffic and industry in the Netherlands and other European countries. Reductions in observed PM2.5 concentrations of about 20% (10–25%) are found for all locations, which is somewhat larger than the estimates of 5–16% based on the model simulations. A comparison of the calculated NO2 traffic contributions with observations shows a substantial drop of about 35% in traffic contributions during the lockdown period, which is similar to the estimated reductions in mobility data as reported by Apple and Google. Since the largest health effects related to air pollution in the Netherlands are associated with exposure to PM10 and PM2.5, the lockdown measures in spring of 2020 have temporarily improved the air quality in the Netherlands. The concentrations of the most health relevant compounds have only been reduced by about 10–25%. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
关键词	Covid-19 Nitrogen dioxide Ozone Particulate matter Random forest
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Air quality; Atmospheric chemistry; Chemical analysis; Decision trees; Diseases; Economics; Location; Nitrogen oxides; Viruses; Ambient concentrations; Chemistry transport model; Confidence interval; Economic activities; Meteorological condition; PM2.5 concentration; Random forest methods; Traffic contributions; Atmospheric movements; nitrogen dioxide; ozone; air monitoring; air pollutant; air quality; Article; coronavirus disease 2019; limit of quantitation; lockdown; machine learning; meteorology; model; Netherlands; particulate matter 10; PM2.5 exposure; priority journal; random forest; rural area; simulation; spring; traffic; urban area; SARS coronavirus
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/248613
作者单位	National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, Bilthoven, BA 3720, Netherlands; Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, Netherlands; DCMR Environmental Protection Agency, Schiedam, Netherlands
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Velders G.J.M.,Willers S.M.,Wesseling J.,et al. Improvements in air quality in the Netherlands during the corona lockdown based on observations and model simulations[J],2021,247.
APA	Velders G.J.M..,Willers S.M..,Wesseling J..,den Elshout S.V..,van der Swaluw E..,...&van Ratingen S..(2021).Improvements in air quality in the Netherlands during the corona lockdown based on observations and model simulations.ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT,247.
MLA	Velders G.J.M.,et al."Improvements in air quality in the Netherlands during the corona lockdown based on observations and model simulations".ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 247(2021).