气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Real-time quantification and source apportionment of fine particulate matter including organics and elements in Delhi during summertime

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DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118598
	Real-time quantification and source apportionment of fine particulate matter including organics and elements in Delhi during summertime
	Shukla A.K.; Lalchandani V.; Bhattu D.; Dave J.S.; Rai P.; Thamban N.M.; Mishra S.; Gaddamidi S.; Tripathi N.; Vats P.; Rastogi N.; Sahu L.; Ganguly D.; Kumar M.; Singh V.; Gargava P.; Tripathi S.N.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1352-2310
卷号	261
英文摘要	Delhi is one of the most polluted cities globally, with frequent severe air pollution episodes and haze events occurring in recent years, thereby compelling us to understand the sources to develop effective mitigation plans. Complete chemical characterization of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) components (non-refractory, refractory and elements) with high time resolution has been done during the summer season (June–July 2019). The total PM equivalent (PM2.5(eq)) was 28.7 ± 13.2 μg m−3 of which elements dominated the PM2.5(eq) with 34% contribution followed by organics (28%), black carbon (BC) (17%), SO42− (10%), Cl− (5%) NH4+ (3.5%) and NO3− (2.5%). The contributions from organic aerosols (OA) and SO42− were observed to be more than Cl− and NO3−. The total elemental mass concentration (PMEl) was mostly contributed (~96%) by Si, S, Cl, Ca, K, Fe and Al with Si and S alone contributing around 50% of PMEl. Crustal elements (Al, Fe, Ca and Si) were highly enhanced in summer than elements emitted from anthropogenic emissions (Cl, S, K, Pb and Zn). Source apportionment (SA) of PM was performed using positive matrix factorization (PMF) together with ME-2 (multilinear engine) for OA and elements, separately. PMF on both datasets helped resolve sources such as combustion, industrial, dust-related, incineration and traffic. OA PMF identified three factors related to primary emissions: hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA, 12.3%), solid fuel combustion (SFC, 16.2%) and cooking OA (COA, 7.3%) and two oxygenated OA (OOA): semi-volatile OOA (SVOOA, 15.2%) and low-volatile OOA (LVOOA, 49.1%). The elemental PMF resolved 8 factors: dust (52.5%), S-rich (16.2%), Cl-rich (10.7%), 2 SFC factors (10.5%), non-exhaust (7.2%), Cu-rich (1.5%) and industrial (1.4%). The contribution of BC to total PM mass is shown to increase in the summer compared to previous studies reported for the winter season. The secondary oxidized sources dominated both the OA and elements SA during the summer with 64.3% and 27% (dust not considered) contribution, respectively. The domination of secondary sources implies that it is crucial to control the secondary aerosols' precursors in Delhi for developing pollution control strategies. The ME-2 resolved factors, coupled with concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) showed the probable major elemental source regions of local origin (Delhi- National Capital Region (Delhi-NCR)) as well as regional (from Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Pakistan). The local sources included Cu-rich (Haryana) and SFC-II (Delhi and Uttar Pradesh), while the regional sources were dust (south-west (SW)), industrial, Cl-rich (north-west (NW)), SFC-I (east and south-east (SE)) and S-rich (SE). © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
关键词	Delhi Elements and BC Organic PM2.5 Source apportionment Summertime
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Aerosols; Aluminum; Calcium; Dust; Fuels; Industrial emissions; Particles (particulate matter); Refractory materials; Silicon; Black carbon; Delhi; Element carbons; Organic aerosol; Organics; PM$-2.5$; Pm2.5; Positive Matrix Factorization; Source apportionment; Summertime; Factorization; aluminum; ammonia; black carbon; calcium ion; chloride; chlorine; hydrocarbon; industrial chemical; iron; lead; nitrate; potassium; silicon; sulfate; sulfur; zinc; atmospheric pollution; chemical analysis; haze; particulate matter; pollution control; real time; source apportionment; summer; aerosol; air pollution control; Article; circadian rhythm; combustion; comparative study; concentration (parameter); controlled study; dust storm; elemental analysis; Haryana; India; organic pollution; Pakistan; particulate matter 2.5; Punjab (India); quantitative analysis; seasonal variation; summer; time series analysis; Uttar Pradesh; winter; Delhi; Haryana; India; Pakistan; Punjab; Uttar Pradesh
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/248311
作者单位	Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology KanpurUttar Pradesh 208016, India; Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurRajasthan 342037, India; Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, 380009, India; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, PSI 5232, Switzerland; Space and Atmospheric Sciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, 380009, India; Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India; Central Pollution Control Board, Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi, 110032, India
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Shukla A.K.,Lalchandani V.,Bhattu D.,et al. Real-time quantification and source apportionment of fine particulate matter including organics and elements in Delhi during summertime[J],2021,261.
APA	Shukla A.K..,Lalchandani V..,Bhattu D..,Dave J.S..,Rai P..,...&Tripathi S.N..(2021).Real-time quantification and source apportionment of fine particulate matter including organics and elements in Delhi during summertime.ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT,261.
MLA	Shukla A.K.,et al."Real-time quantification and source apportionment of fine particulate matter including organics and elements in Delhi during summertime".ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 261(2021).