气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Methane emissions in Kuwait: Plume identification, isotopic characterisation and inventory verification

CCPortal

DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118763
	Methane emissions in Kuwait: Plume identification, isotopic characterisation and inventory verification
	Al-Shalan A.; Lowry D.; Fisher R.E.; Nisbet E.G.; Zazzeri G.; Al-Sarawi M.; France J.L.
发表日期	2022
ISSN	1352-2310
卷号	268
英文摘要	The distribution of methane sources in Kuwait was mapped through mobile vehicle surveying of methane mole fraction, and by collection of air samples at source for subsequent isotopic analysis. Mobile plume identification and isotopic analysis, reveals that by far the largest observed source of methane in Kuwait is from landfill sites (δ13CCH4 of −58‰), with smaller contributions from fossil fuel industry (−50‰), wastewater treatment (−49‰) and ruminant animals (sheep −64‰, cows, −62‰, camels −60‰). Regular weekly air samples were collected over two years from three sites in Kuwait, one NW of the city, one to the SE and one in the city from the rooftop of the Kuwait College of Science. Associated with higher mole fraction is a consistent depletion in 13C of methane, pointing to a national source mix with δ13CCH4 of −55.9‰. This is significantly different from calculations using EDGAR v.5 inventory that suggest a source mix of −52.8‰. Diurnal campaigns from a city location confirm that the sources are dominantly biogenic (−59 to −56‰) in and around the urban areas. The EDGAR 5.0 inventory suggests that the dominant sources of methane in Kuwait are leaks from gas flaring and fossil fuel distribution, with additional smaller emissions from landfills, sewage (wastewater) treatment and ruminant animals, but with a waste component increasing relative to fossil fuel emissions in recent decades. Measurements during 2015 and 2016 suggest that for all but the far south and SW of the country which is not in the meteorological footprint of fixed site or mobile measurement, there is a dominant waste source and much smaller observed proportion from fossil fuel activities. This research demonstrates for the first time in Kuwait that continuous mobile measurements for plume identification coupled with high-precision isotopic analysis using CF-GC-IRMS (Continuous Flow Gas Chromatography-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry) is an effective way of identifying methane sources and understanding their relative contributions. To unambiguously quantify relative contributions will require further work, particularly in the SW region of the country, utilizing aircraft and/or satellite retrievals. The results of this research will contribute to understanding the methane budget of this poorly studied region. © 2021 The Authors
关键词	Carbon isotopes Emissions inventory Landfill sites Plume mapping
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Animals; Budget control; Carbon; Fossil fuels; Gas chromatography; Gas emissions; Isotopes; Land fill; Mass spectrometry; Sewage; Wastewater treatment; Air samples; Carbon isotopes; Emission inventories; Isotopic analysis; Landfill site; Methane emissions; Mobile measurements; Molefraction; Plume mapping; Relative contribution; Methane; carbon 13; fossil fuel; methane; aircraft; emission; fossil fuel; identification method; inventory; isotopic analysis; methane; plume; air sampling; Article; camel; controlled study; cow; gas flaring; geographic information system; Kuwait; landfill; meteorological phenomena; nonhuman; plume; sewage treatment; sheep; urban area; waste water management; Kuwait [Middle East]; Camelidae; Ruminantia
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/248169
作者单位	Dept. of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, Univ. of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom; Dept. of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom; Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box:5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait; British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Al-Shalan A.,Lowry D.,Fisher R.E.,et al. Methane emissions in Kuwait: Plume identification, isotopic characterisation and inventory verification[J],2022,268.
APA	Al-Shalan A..,Lowry D..,Fisher R.E..,Nisbet E.G..,Zazzeri G..,...&France J.L..(2022).Methane emissions in Kuwait: Plume identification, isotopic characterisation and inventory verification.ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT,268.
MLA	Al-Shalan A.,et al."Methane emissions in Kuwait: Plume identification, isotopic characterisation and inventory verification".ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 268(2022).