气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): First direct observation of sea salt aerosol production from blowing snow above sea ice

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DOI	10.5194/acp-20-2549-2020
	First direct observation of sea salt aerosol production from blowing snow above sea ice
	Frey M.M.; Norris S.J.; Brooks I.M.; Anderson P.S.; Nishimura K.; Yang X.; Jones A.E.; Nerentorp Mastromonaco M.G.; Jones D.H.; Wolff E.W.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	1680-7316
起始页码	2549
结束页码	2578
卷号	20 期号:4
英文摘要	Two consecutive cruises in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, in winter 2013 provided the first direct observations of sea salt aerosol (SSA) production from blowing snow above sea ice, thereby validating a model hypothesis to account for winter time SSA maxima in the Antarctic. Blowing or drifting snow often leads to increases in SSA during and after storms. For the first time it is shown that snow on sea ice is depleted in sulfate relative to sodium with respect to seawater. Similar depletion in bulk aerosol sized ∼0.3-6 μm above sea ice provided the evidence that most sea salt originated from snow on sea ice and not the open ocean or leads, e.g. >90 % during the 8 June to 12 August 2013 period. A temporally very close association of snow and aerosol particle dynamics together with the long distance to the nearest open ocean further supports SSA originating from a local source. A mass budget estimate shows that snow on sea ice contains even at low salinity (<0.1 psu) more than enough sea salt to account for observed increases in atmospheric SSA during storms if released by sublimation. Furthermore, snow on sea ice and blowing snow showed no or small depletion of bromide relative to sodium with respect to seawater, whereas aerosol was enriched at 2 m and depleted at 29 m, suggesting that significant bromine loss takes place in the aerosol phase further aloft and that SSA from blowing snow is a source of atmospheric reactive bromine, an important ozone sink, even during winter darkness. The relative increase in aerosol concentrations with wind speed was much larger above sea ice than above the open ocean, highlighting the importance of a sea ice source in winter and early spring for the aerosol burden above sea ice. Comparison of absolute increases in aerosol concentrations during storms suggests that to a first order corresponding aerosol fluxes above sea ice can rival those above the open ocean depending on particle size. Evaluation of the current model for SSA production from blowing snow showed that the parameterizations used can generally be applied to snow on sea ice. Snow salinity, a sensitive model parameter, depends to a first order on snowpack depth and therefore was higher above first-year sea ice (FYI) than above multi-year sea ice (MYI). Shifts in the ratio of FYI and MYI over time are therefore expected to change the seasonal SSA source flux and contribute to the variability of SSA in ice cores, which represents both an opportunity and a challenge for the quantitative interpretation of sea salt in ice cores as a proxy for sea ice. © Author(s) 2020.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	aerosol; aerosol composition; blowing snow; concentration (composition); sea ice; sea salt; seasonal variation; source apportionment; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/247947
作者单位	Natural Environment Research Council, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, United Kingdom; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; IVL Swedish Environmental Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Neptec, UK Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Frey M.M.,Norris S.J.,Brooks I.M.,et al. First direct observation of sea salt aerosol production from blowing snow above sea ice[J],2020,20(4).
APA	Frey M.M..,Norris S.J..,Brooks I.M..,Anderson P.S..,Nishimura K..,...&Wolff E.W..(2020).First direct observation of sea salt aerosol production from blowing snow above sea ice.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,20(4).
MLA	Frey M.M.,et al."First direct observation of sea salt aerosol production from blowing snow above sea ice".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 20.4(2020).