气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Inverse modeling of SO2 and NOx emissions over China using multisensor satellite data - Part 2: Downscaling techniques for air quality analysis and forecasts

CCPortal

DOI	10.5194/acp-20-6651-2020
	Inverse modeling of SO2 and NOx emissions over China using multisensor satellite data - Part 2: Downscaling techniques for air quality analysis and forecasts
	Wang Y.; Wang J.; Zhou M.; Henze D.K.; Ge C.; Wang W.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	1680-7316
起始页码	6651
结束页码	6670
卷号	20 期号:11
英文摘要	Top-down emission estimates provide valuable up-to-date information on pollution sources; however, the computational effort and spatial resolution of satellite products involved with developing these emissions often require them to be estimated at resolutions that are much coarser than is necessary for regional air quality forecasting. This work thus introduces several approaches to downscaling coarseresolution (2° x 2:5°) posterior SO2 and NOx emissions for improving air quality assessment and forecasts over China in October 2013. As in Part 1 of this study, these 2° x 2:5° posterior SO2 and NOx emission inventories are obtained from GEOS-Chem adjoint modeling with the constraints of OMPS SO2 and NO2 products retrieved at 50kmx 50km at nadir and ∼ 190km x 50km at the edge of ground track. The prior emission inventory (MIX) and the posterior GEOSChem simulations of surface SO2 and NO2 concentrations at coarse resolution underestimate observed hot spots, which is called the coarse-grid smearing (CGS) effect. To mitigate the CGS effect, four methods are developed: (a) downscale 2° x 2:5° GEOS-Chem surface SO2 and NO2 concentrations to the resolution of 0:25°x 0:3125° through a dynamic downscaling concentration (MIX-DDC) approach, which assumes that the 0:25° x 0:3125° simulation using the prior MIX emissions has the correct spatial distribution of SO2 and NO2 concentrations but a systematic bias; (b) downscale surface NO2 simulations at 2° x 2:5° to 0:05° x 0:05° according to the spatial distribution of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) nighttime light (NL) observations (e.g., NL-DC approach) based on correlation between VIIRS NL intensity with TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) NO2 observations; (c) downscale posterior emissions (DE) of SO2 and NOx to 0:25° x 0:3125° with the assumption that the prior fine-resolution MIX inventory has the correct spatial distribution (e.g., MIX-DE approach); and (d) downscale posterior NOx emissions using VIIRS NL observations (e.g., NL-DE approach). Numerical experiments reveal that (a) using the MIX-DDC approach, posterior SO2 and NO2 simulations improve on the corresponding MIX prior simulations with normalized centered root mean square error (NCRMSE) decreases of 63.7% and 30.2 %, respectively; (b) the posterior NO2 simulation has an NCRMSE that is 17.9% smaller than the prior when they are both downscaled through NL-DC, and NL-DC is able to better mitigate the CGS effect than MIX-DDC; (c) the simulation at 0:25° x 0:3125° using the MIX-DE approach has NCRMSEs that are 58.8% and 14.7% smaller than the prior 0:25° x 0:3125° MIX simulation for surface SO2 and NO2 concentrations, respectively, but the RMSE from the MIXDE posterior simulation is slightly larger than that from the MIX-DDC posterior simulation for both SO2 and NO2; (d) the NL-DE posterior NO2 simulation also improves on the prior MIX simulation at 0:25°x 0:3125°, but it is worse than the MIX-DE posterior simulation; (e) in terms of evaluating the downscaled SO2 and NO2 simulations simultaneously, using the posterior SO2 and NOx emissions from joint inverse modeling of both species is better than only using one (SO2 or NOx ) emission from corresponding single-species inverse modeling and is similar to using the posterior emissions of SO2 and NOx emission inventories respectively from single-species inverse modeling. Forecasts of surface concentrations for November 2013 using the posterior emissions obtained by applying the posterior MIX-DE emissions for October 2013 with the monthly variation information derived from the prior MIX emission inventory show that (a) the improvements of forecasting surface SO2 concentrations through MIX-DE and MIX-DDC are comparable; (b) for the NO2 forecast, MIX-DE shows larger improvement than NL-DE and MIX-DDC; (c) NLDC is able to better decrease the CGS effect than MIX-DE but shows larger NCRMSE; (d) the forecast of surface O3 concentrations is improved by MIX-DE downscaled posterior NOx emissions. Overall, for practical forecasting of air quality, it is recommended to use satellite-based observation already available from the last month to jointly constrain SO2 and NO2 emissions at coarser resolution and then downscale these posterior emissions at finer spatial resolution suitable for regional air quality modeling for the present month. © Author(s) 2020.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	air quality; downscaling; emission inventory; forecasting method; inverse problem; nitrogen oxides; pollutant source; sulfur dioxide; China
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/247732
作者单位	Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Informatics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; South Coast Air Quality Management District, Diamond Bar, CA 91765, United States; China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100012, China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wang Y.,Wang J.,Zhou M.,et al. Inverse modeling of SO2 and NOx emissions over China using multisensor satellite data - Part 2: Downscaling techniques for air quality analysis and forecasts[J],2020,20(11).
APA	Wang Y.,Wang J.,Zhou M.,Henze D.K.,Ge C.,&Wang W..(2020).Inverse modeling of SO2 and NOx emissions over China using multisensor satellite data - Part 2: Downscaling techniques for air quality analysis and forecasts.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,20(11).
MLA	Wang Y.,et al."Inverse modeling of SO2 and NOx emissions over China using multisensor satellite data - Part 2: Downscaling techniques for air quality analysis and forecasts".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 20.11(2020).