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DOI	10.5194/acp-21-3763-2021
	Identification and source attribution of organic compounds in ultrafine particles near Frankfurt International Airport
	Ungeheuer F.; Van Pinxteren D.; Vogel A.L.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1680-7316
起始页码	3763
结束页码	3775
卷号	21 期号:5
英文摘要	Analysing the composition of ambient ultrafine particles (UFPs) is a challenging task due to the low mass and chemical complexity of small particles, yet it is a prerequisite for the identification of particle sources and the assessment of potential health risks. Here, we show the molecular characterization of UFPs, based on cascade impactor (Nano-MOUDI) samples that were collected at an air quality monitoring station near one of Europe's largest airports, in Frankfurt, Germany. At this station, particle-size-distribution measurements show an enhanced number concentration of particles smaller than 50 nm during airport operating hours. We sampled the lower UFP fraction (0.010-0.018, 0.018-0.032, 0.032-0.056 classCombining double low lineinline-formula/m) when the air masses arrived from the airport. We developed an optimized filter extraction procedure using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) for compound separation and a heated electrospray ionization (HESI) source with an Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) as a detector for organic compounds. A non-Target screening detected classCombining double low lineinline-formulag1/4200/ organic compounds in the UFP fraction with sample-To-blank ratios larger than 5. We identified the largest signals as homologous series of pentaerythritol esters (PEEs) and trimethylolpropane esters (TMPEs), which are base stocks of aircraft lubrication oils. We unambiguously attribute the majority of detected compounds to jet engine lubrication oils by matching retention times, high-resolution and accurate mass measurements, and comparing tandem mass spectrometry (MS classCombining double low lineinline-formula2/) fragmentation patterns between both ambient samples and commercially available jet oils. For each UFP stage, we created molecular fingerprints to visualize the complex chemical composition of the organic fraction and their average carbon oxidation state. These graphs underline the presence of the homologous series of PEEs and TMPEs and the appearance of jet oil additives (e.g.Tricresyl phosphate, TCP). Targeted screening of TCP confirmed the absence of the harmful tri-iortho/i isomer, while we identified a thermal transformation product of TMPE-based lubrication oil (trimethylolpropane phosphate, TMP-P). Even though a quantitative determination of the identified compounds is limited, the presented method enables the qualitative detection of molecular markers for jet engine lubricants in UFPs and thus strongly improves the source apportionment of UFPs near airports./p. © 2021 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	chemical composition; concentration (composition); ester; health risk; organic compound; oxidation; particle size; particulate matter; size distribution; Frankfurt am Main; Germany; Hesse; Matthiola
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/247069
作者单位	Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany; Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, 04318, Germany
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ungeheuer F.,Van Pinxteren D.,Vogel A.L.. Identification and source attribution of organic compounds in ultrafine particles near Frankfurt International Airport[J],2021,21(5).
APA	Ungeheuer F.,Van Pinxteren D.,&Vogel A.L..(2021).Identification and source attribution of organic compounds in ultrafine particles near Frankfurt International Airport.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,21(5).
MLA	Ungeheuer F.,et al."Identification and source attribution of organic compounds in ultrafine particles near Frankfurt International Airport".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 21.5(2021).