气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The prevalence of precipitation from polar supercooled clouds

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DOI	10.5194/acp-21-3949-2021
	The prevalence of precipitation from polar supercooled clouds
	Silber I.; Fridlind A.M.; Verlinde J.; Ackerman A.S.; Cesana G.V.; Knopf D.A.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1680-7316
起始页码	3949
结束页码	3971
卷号	21 期号:5
英文摘要	Supercooled clouds substantially impact polar surface energy budgets, but large-scale models often underestimate their occurrence, which motivates accurately establishing metrics of basic processes. An analysis of longterm measurements at Utqia?gvik, Alaska, and McMurdo Station, Antarctica, combines lidar-validated use of soundings to identify supercooled cloud layers and colocated groundbased profiling radar measurements to quantify cloud base precipitation.We find that more than 85% (75 %) of sampled supercooled layers are precipitating over the Arctic (Antarctic) site, with more than 75% (50 %) precipitating continuously to the surface. Such high frequencies can be reconciled with substantially lesser spaceborne estimates by considering differences in radar hydrometeor detection sensitivity. While ice precipitation into supercooled clouds from aloft is common, we also find that the great majority of supercooled cloud layers without ice falling into them are themselves continuously generating precipitation. Such sustained primary ice formation is consistent with continuous activation of immersion-mode ice-nucleating particles (INPs), suggesting that supercooled cloud formation is a principal gateway to ice formation at temperatures greater than 38 C over polar regions. The prevalence of weak precipitation fluxes is also consistent with supercooled cloud longevity and with well-observed and widely simulated case studies. An analysis of colocated microwave radiometer retrievals suggests that weak precipitation fluxes can be nonetheless consequential to moisture budgets for supercooled clouds owing to small liquid water paths. The results here also demonstrate that the observed abundance of mixed-phase clouds can vary substantially with instrument sensitivity and methodology. Finally, we suggest that these ground-based precipitation rate statistics offer valuable guidance for improving the representation of polar cloud processes in large-scale models. © 2021 Copernicus GmbH. All rights reserved.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	cloud; ground-based measurement; hydrometeorology; ice crystal; lidar; precipitation assessment; radar; supercooling; Alaska; Antarctica; United States
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/247061
作者单位	Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, United States; Center for Climate Systems Research, Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Silber I.,Fridlind A.M.,Verlinde J.,et al. The prevalence of precipitation from polar supercooled clouds[J],2021,21(5).
APA	Silber I.,Fridlind A.M.,Verlinde J.,Ackerman A.S.,Cesana G.V.,&Knopf D.A..(2021).The prevalence of precipitation from polar supercooled clouds.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,21(5).
MLA	Silber I.,et al."The prevalence of precipitation from polar supercooled clouds".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 21.5(2021).