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DOI	10.5194/acp-21-4103-2021
	Simulations of anthropogenic bromoform indicate high emissions at the coast of East Asia
	Maas J.; Tegtmeier S.; Jia Y.; Quack B.; Durgadoo J.V.; Biastoch A.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1680-7316
起始页码	4103
结束页码	4121
卷号	21 期号:5
英文摘要	Bromoform is the major by-product from chlorination of cooling water in coastal power plants. The number of power plants in East and Southeast Asian economies has increased rapidly, exceeding mean global growth. Bottom-up estimates of bromoform emissions based on few measurements appear to under-represent the industrial sources of bromoform from East Asia. Using oceanic Lagrangian analyses, we assess the amount of bromoform produced from power plant cooling-water treatment in East and Southeast Asia. The spread of bromoform is simulated as passive particles that are advected using the three-dimensional velocity fields over the years 2005/2006 from the high-resolution NEMO-ORCA0083 ocean general circulation model. Simulations are run for three scenarios with varying initial bromoform concentrations based on the range of bromoform measurements in cooling-water discharge. Comparing the modelled anthropogenic bromoform to in situ observations in the surface ocean and atmosphere, the two lower scenarios show the best agreement, suggesting initial bromoform concentrations in cooling water to be around 20-60 μg L-1. Based on these two scenarios, the model produces elevated bromoform in coastal waters of East Asia with average concentrations of 23 and 68 pmol L-1 and maximum values in the Yellow Sea, Sea of Japan and East China Sea. The industrially produced bromoform is quickly emitted into the atmosphere with average air-sea flux of 3.1 and 9.1 nmolm-2 h-1, respectively. Atmospheric abundances of anthropogenic bromoform are derived from simulations with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART based on ERA-Interim wind fields in 2016. In the marine boundary layer of East Asia, the FLEXPART simulations show mean anthropogenic bromoform mixing ratios of 0.4-1.3 ppt, which are 2-6 times larger compared to the climatological bromoform estimate. During boreal winter, the simulations show that some part of the anthropogenic bromoform is transported by the northeasterly winter monsoon towards the tropical regions, whereas during boreal summer anthropogenic bromoform is confined to the Northern Hemisphere subtropics. Convective events in the tropics entrain an additional 0.04-0.05 ppt of anthropogenic bromoform into the stratosphere, averaged over tropical Southeast Asia. In our simulations, only about 10 % of anthropogenic bromoform is outgassed from power plants located in the tropics south of 20? N, so that only a small fraction of the anthropogenic bromoform reaches the stratosphere. We conclude that bromoform from cooling-water treatment in East Asia is a significant source of atmospheric bromine and might be responsible for annual emissions of 100-300 Mmol of Br in this region. These anthropogenic bromoform sources from industrial water treatment might be a missing factor in global flux estimates of organic bromine. While the current emissions of industrial bromoform provide a significant contribution to regional tropospheric budgets, they provide only a minor contribution to the stratospheric bromine budget of 0.24-0.30 ppt of Br. © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	atmospheric chemistry; byproduct; chlorination; concentration (composition); numerical model; source apportionment; three-dimensional modeling; East China Sea; Pacific Ocean; Sea of Japan; Yellow Sea
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/247049
作者单位	Geomar Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research, Geesthacht, Germany
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Maas J.,Tegtmeier S.,Jia Y.,et al. Simulations of anthropogenic bromoform indicate high emissions at the coast of East Asia[J],2021,21(5).
APA	Maas J.,Tegtmeier S.,Jia Y.,Quack B.,Durgadoo J.V.,&Biastoch A..(2021).Simulations of anthropogenic bromoform indicate high emissions at the coast of East Asia.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,21(5).
MLA	Maas J.,et al."Simulations of anthropogenic bromoform indicate high emissions at the coast of East Asia".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 21.5(2021).