气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): 20th-Century industrial black carbon emissions altered arctic climate forcing

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DOI	10.1126/science.1144856
	20th-Century industrial black carbon emissions altered arctic climate forcing
	McConnell J.R.; Edwards R.; Kok G.L.; Flanner M.G.; Zender C.S.; Saltzman E.S.; Banta J.R.; Pasteris D.R.; Carter M.M.; Kahl J.D.W.
发表日期	2007
ISSN	0036-8075
起始页码	1381
结束页码	1384
卷号	317 期号:5843
英文摘要	Black carbon (BC) from biomass and fossil fuel combustion alters chemical and physical properties of the atmosphere and snow albedo, yet little is known about its emission or deposition histories. Measurements of BC, vanillic acid, and non-sea-salt sulfur in ice cores indicate that sources and concentrations of BC in Greenland precipitation varied greatly since 1788 as a result of boreal forest fires and industrial activities. Beginning about 1850, industrial emissions resulted in a sevenfold increase in ice-core BC concentrations, with most change occurring in winter. BC concentrations after about 1951 were lower but increasing. At its maximum from 1906 to 1910, estimated surface climate forcing in early summer from BC in Arctic snow was about 3 watts per square meter, which is eight times the typical preindustrial forcing value.
英文关键词	carbon; fossil fuel; sulfur; vanillic acid; acid; carbon emission; climate forcing; industrial emission; summer; twentieth century; arctic climate; article; atmosphere; biomass; chemical phenomena; climate change; combustion; concentration response; Greenland; ice core record; industrialization; precipitation; priority journal; Arctic; Greenland
语种	英语
来源期刊	Science
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/244698
作者单位	Desert Research Institute, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV 89512, United States; Droplet Measurement Technologies, Boulder, CO 80301, United States; Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	McConnell J.R.,Edwards R.,Kok G.L.,et al. 20th-Century industrial black carbon emissions altered arctic climate forcing[J],2007,317(5843).
APA	McConnell J.R..,Edwards R..,Kok G.L..,Flanner M.G..,Zender C.S..,...&Kahl J.D.W..(2007).20th-Century industrial black carbon emissions altered arctic climate forcing.Science,317(5843).
MLA	McConnell J.R.,et al."20th-Century industrial black carbon emissions altered arctic climate forcing".Science 317.5843(2007).