气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Engineering: Advanced technology paths to global climate stability: Energy for a greenhouse planet

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DOI	10.1126/science.1072357
	Engineering: Advanced technology paths to global climate stability: Energy for a greenhouse planet
	Hoffert M.I.; Caldeira K.; Benford G.; Criswell D.R.; Green C.; Herzog H.; Jain A.K.; Kheshgi H.S.; Lackner K.S.; Lewis J.S.; Lightfoot H.D.; Manheimer W.; Mankins J.C.; Mauel M.E.; Perkins L.J.; Schlesinger M.E.; Volk T.; Wigley T.M.L.
发表日期	2002
ISSN	0036-8075
起始页码	981
结束页码	987
卷号	298 期号:5595
英文摘要	Stabilizing the carbon dioxide-induced component of climate change is an energy problem. Establishment of a course toward such stabilization will require the development within the coming decades of primary energy sources that do not emit carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, in addition to efforts to reduce end-use energy demand. Mid-century primary power requirements that are free of carbon dioxide emissions could be several times what we now derive from fossil fuels (∼ 1013 watts), even with improvements in energy efficiency. Here we survey possible future energy sources, evaluated for their capability to supply massive amounts of carbon emission-free energy and for their potential for large-scale commercialization. Possible candidates for primary energy sources include terrestrial solar and wind energy, solar power satellites, biomass, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, fission-fusion hybrids, and fossil fuels from which carbon has been sequestered. Non-primary power technologies that could contribute to climate stabilization include efficiency improvements, hydrogen production, storage and transport, superconducting global electric grids, and geoengineering. All of these approaches currently have severe deficiencies that limit their ability to stabilize global climate. We conclude that a broad range of intensive research and development is urgently needed to produce technological options that can allow both climate stabilization and economic development.
英文关键词	Biomass; Carbon dioxide; Fission reactions; Fossil fuels; Free energy; Planets; Solar energy; Wind power; Climate stabilization; Climate change; carbon dioxide; fossil fuel; hydrogen; alternative energy; carbon dioxide; climate change; global climate; stabilization; sustainability; carbon dioxide measurement; climate; commercial phenomena; conductor; economic aspect; energy; energy resource; global change; greenhouse effect; molecular stability; priority journal; review
语种	英语
来源期刊	Science
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/244033
作者单位	Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Hoffert M.I.,Caldeira K.,Benford G.,et al. Engineering: Advanced technology paths to global climate stability: Energy for a greenhouse planet[J],2002,298(5595).
APA	Hoffert M.I..,Caldeira K..,Benford G..,Criswell D.R..,Green C..,...&Wigley T.M.L..(2002).Engineering: Advanced technology paths to global climate stability: Energy for a greenhouse planet.Science,298(5595).
MLA	Hoffert M.I.,et al."Engineering: Advanced technology paths to global climate stability: Energy for a greenhouse planet".Science 298.5595(2002).