气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Trophic downgrading of planet earth

CCPortal

DOI	10.1126/science.1205106
	Trophic downgrading of planet earth
	Estes J.A.; Terborgh J.; Brashares J.S.; Power M.E.; Berger J.; Bond W.J.; Carpenter S.R.; Essington T.E.; Holt R.D.; Jackson J.B.C.; Marquis R.J.; Oksanen L.; Oksanen T.; Paine R.T.; Pikitch E.K.; Ripple W.J.; Sandin S.A.; Scheffer M.; Schoener T.W.; Shurin J.B.; Sinclair A.R.E.; Soulé M.E.; Virtanen R.; Wardle D.A.
发表日期	2011
ISSN	0036-8075
起始页码	301
结束页码	306
卷号	333 期号:6040
英文摘要	Until recently, large apex consumers were ubiquitous across the globe and had been for millions of years. The loss of these animals may be humankind's most pervasive influence on nature. Although such losses are widely viewed as an ethical and aesthetic problem, recent research reveals extensive cascading effects of their disappearance in marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems worldwide. This empirical work supports long-standing theory about the role of top-down forcing in ecosystems but also highlights the unanticipated impacts of trophic cascades on processes as diverse as the dynamics of disease, wildfire, carbon sequestration, invasive species, and biogeochemical cycles. These findings emphasize the urgent need for interdisciplinary research to forecast the effects of trophic downgrading on process, function, and resilience in global ecosystems.
英文关键词	biogeochemical cycle; carbon sequestration; disease incidence; Earth; ecosystem resilience; esthetics; ethics; freshwater ecosystem; interdisciplinary approach; invasive species; marine ecosystem; terrestrial ecosystem; top-down control; trophic cascade; wildfire; apex consumer; biodiversity; ecology; ecosystem resilience; environmental impact; fire; food web; herbivory; human; hysteresis; infection; invasive species; nonhuman; organismal interaction; organisms by feeding relationship; physical chemistry; predation; priority journal; review; species extinction; trophic cascade; trophic downgrading; Animalia
语种	英语
来源期刊	Science
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/243631
作者单位	Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States; Center for Tropical Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Post Office Box 90381, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Department of Integrative Biology, Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Wildlife Conservation Society, Bozeman, MT 59715, United States; Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, 680 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706, United States; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Department of Biology, University of F...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Estes J.A.,Terborgh J.,Brashares J.S.,et al. Trophic downgrading of planet earth[J],2011,333(6040).
APA	Estes J.A..,Terborgh J..,Brashares J.S..,Power M.E..,Berger J..,...&Wardle D.A..(2011).Trophic downgrading of planet earth.Science,333(6040).
MLA	Estes J.A.,et al."Trophic downgrading of planet earth".Science 333.6040(2011).