气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The roller coaster flight strategy of bar-headed geese conserves energy during Himalayan migrations

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DOI	10.1126/science.1258732
	The roller coaster flight strategy of bar-headed geese conserves energy during Himalayan migrations
	Bishop C.M.; Spivey R.J.; Hawkes L.A.; Batbayar N.; Chua B.; Frappell P.B.; Milsom W.K.; Natsagdorj T.; Newman S.H.; Scott G.R.; Takekawa J.Y.; Wikelski M.; Butler P.J.
发表日期	2015
ISSN	0036-8075
起始页码	250
结束页码	254
卷号	347 期号:6219
英文摘要	The physiological and biomechanical requirements of flight at high altitude have been the subject of much interest. Here, we uncover a steep relation between heart rate and wingbeat frequency (raised to the exponent 3.5) and estimated metabolic power and wingbeat frequency (exponent 7) of migratory bar-headed geese. Flight costs increase more rapidly than anticipated as air density declines, which overturns prevailing expectations that this species should maintain high-altitude flight when traversing the Himalayas. Instead, a "roller coaster" strategy, of tracking the underlying terrain and discarding large altitude gains only to recoup them later in the flight with occasional benefits from orographic lift, is shown to be energetically advantageous for flights over the Himalayas. © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	biomechanics; energy conservation; flight behavior; migration; migratory behavior; orography; physiology; waterfowl; altitude; animal experiment; Article; body mass; body temperature; electrocardiography; energy conservation; flight; goose; heart rate; heart size; migration; nonhuman; oxygen consumption; priority journal; animal; biomechanics; body weight; China; energy metabolism; flying; forelimb; physiology; population migration; Himalayas; Anser indicus; Altitude; Animal Migration; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Energy Metabolism; Flight, Animal; Geese; Heart Rate; Tibet; Wing
语种	英语
来源期刊	Science
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/243051
作者单位	School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom; Wildlife Science and Conservation Center of Mongolia, Ulaanbataar, Mongolia; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Office of the Dean of Graduate Research, University of TasmaniaTAS, Australia; Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbataar, Mongolia; Emergency Prevention System (EMPRES) Wildlife and Ecology Unit, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, McMaster University, OntarioON, Canada; San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station, Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Vallejo, CA 94592, United States; Max Planck Institüt für Ornithologie, Radolfzell, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Bishop C.M.,Spivey R.J.,Hawkes L.A.,et al. The roller coaster flight strategy of bar-headed geese conserves energy during Himalayan migrations[J],2015,347(6219).
APA	Bishop C.M..,Spivey R.J..,Hawkes L.A..,Batbayar N..,Chua B..,...&Butler P.J..(2015).The roller coaster flight strategy of bar-headed geese conserves energy during Himalayan migrations.Science,347(6219).
MLA	Bishop C.M.,et al."The roller coaster flight strategy of bar-headed geese conserves energy during Himalayan migrations".Science 347.6219(2015).