气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Overcoming COVID-19 vaccination resistance when alternative policies affect the dynamics of conformism, social norms, and crowding out

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2104912118
	Overcoming COVID-19 vaccination resistance when alternative policies affect the dynamics of conformism, social norms, and crowding out
	Schmelz K.; Bowles S.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0027-8424
卷号	118 期号:25
英文摘要	What is an effective vaccination policy to end the COVID-19 pandemic? We address this question in a model of the dynamics of policy effectiveness drawing upon the results of a large panel survey implemented in Germany during the first and second waves of the pandemic. We observe increased opposition to vaccinations were they to be legally required. In contrast, for voluntary vaccinations, there was higher and undiminished support. We find that public distrust undermines vaccine acceptance, and is associated with a belief that the vaccine is ineffective and, if enforced, compromises individual freedom. We model how the willingness to be vaccinated may vary over time in response to the fraction of the population already vaccinated and whether vaccination has occurred voluntarily or not. A negative effect of enforcement on vaccine acceptance (of the magnitude observed in our panel or even considerably smaller) could result in a large increase in the numbers that would have to be vaccinated unwillingly in order to reach a herd-immunity target. Costly errors may be avoided if policy makers understand that citizens’ preferences are not fixed but will be affected both by the crowding-out effect of enforcement and by conformism. Our findings have broad policy applicability beyond COVID-19 to cases in which voluntary citizen compliance is essential because state capacities are limited and because effectiveness may depend on the ways that the policies themselves alter citizens’ beliefs and preferences. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Endogenous preferences \| crowding out intrinsic motivation \| trust \| policy implementation \| state capacities
语种	英语
scopus关键词	SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; Article; conformity (social behavior); crowding (area); health belief; human; law enforcement; motivation; protocol compliance; public policy; risk factor; social norm; trust; vaccination; biological model; health care policy; immunology; social psychology; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Crowding; Health Policy; Humans; Models, Immunological; Motivation; Social Conformity; Social Norms; Vaccination
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/238891
作者单位	Department of Economics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany; Thurgau Institute of Economics (TWI), Kreuzlingen, 8280, Switzerland; Behavioral Sciences Program Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Schmelz K.,Bowles S.. Overcoming COVID-19 vaccination resistance when alternative policies affect the dynamics of conformism, social norms, and crowding out[J],2021,118(25).
APA	Schmelz K.,&Bowles S..(2021).Overcoming COVID-19 vaccination resistance when alternative policies affect the dynamics of conformism, social norms, and crowding out.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(25).
MLA	Schmelz K.,et al."Overcoming COVID-19 vaccination resistance when alternative policies affect the dynamics of conformism, social norms, and crowding out".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.25(2021).