气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Shifting gradients of macroscale cortical organization mark the transition from childhood to adolescence

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2024448118
	Shifting gradients of macroscale cortical organization mark the transition from childhood to adolescence
	Holmes A.J.; Dong H.-M.; Margulies D.S.; Zuo X.-N.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0027-8424
卷号	118 期号:28
英文摘要	The transition from childhood to adolescence is marked by pronounced shifts in brain structure and function that coincide with the development of physical, cognitive, and social abilities. Prior work in adult populations has characterized the topographical organization of the cortex, revealing macroscale functional gradients that extend from unimodal (somatosensory/motor and visual) regions through the cortical association areas that underpin complex cognition in humans. However, the presence of these core functional gradients across development as well as their maturational course have yet to be established. Here, leveraging 378 resting-state functional MRI scans from 190 healthy individuals aged 6 to 17 y old, we demonstrate that the transition from childhood to adolescence is reflected in the gradual maturation of gradient patterns across the cortical sheet. In children, the overarching organizational gradient is anchored within the unimodal cortex, between somatosensory/motor and visual territories. Conversely, in adolescence, the principal gradient of connectivity transitions into an adult-like spatial framework, with the default network at the opposite end of a spectrum from primary sensory and motor regions. The observed gradient transitions are gradually refined with age, reaching a sharp inflection point in 13 and 14 y olds. Functional maturation was nonuniformly distributed across cortical networks. Unimodal networks reached their mature positions early in development, while association regions, in particular the medial prefrontal cortex, reached a later peak during adolescence. These data reveal age-dependent changes in the macroscale organization of the cortex and suggest the scheduled maturation of functional gradient patterns may be critically important for understanding how cognitive and behavioral capabilities are refined across development. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Adolescence; Cortical organization; Default network; Development; Gradients
语种	英语
scopus关键词	adolescence; adolescent; adult; article; child; childhood; controlled study; female; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human; human experiment; major clinical study; male; medial prefrontal cortex
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/238872
作者单位	State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, International Data Group/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center (UMR 8002), Université de Paris, Paris, 75006, France; National Basic Science Data Center, Beijing, 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Education, School of Education Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Holmes A.J.,Dong H.-M.,Margulies D.S.,et al. Shifting gradients of macroscale cortical organization mark the transition from childhood to adolescence[J],2021,118(28).
APA	Holmes A.J.,Dong H.-M.,Margulies D.S.,&Zuo X.-N..(2021).Shifting gradients of macroscale cortical organization mark the transition from childhood to adolescence.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(28).
MLA	Holmes A.J.,et al."Shifting gradients of macroscale cortical organization mark the transition from childhood to adolescence".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.28(2021).