气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Anthropogenic depletion of Iran’s aquifers

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2024221118
	Anthropogenic depletion of Iran’s aquifers
	Noori R.; Maghrebi M.; Mirchi A.; Tang Q.; Bhattarai R.; Sadegh M.; Noury M.; Haghighi A.T.; Kløve B.; Madani K.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0027-8424
卷号	118 期号:25
英文摘要	Global groundwater assessments rank Iran among countries with the highest groundwater depletion rate using coarse spatial scales that hinder detection of regional imbalances between renewable groundwater supply and human withdrawals. Herein, we use in situ data from 12,230 piezometers, 14,856 observation wells, and groundwater extraction points to provide ground-based evidence about Iran’s widespread groundwater depletion and salinity problems. While the number of groundwater extraction points increased by 84.9% from 546,000 in 2002 to over a million in 2015, the annual groundwater withdrawal decreased by 18% (from 74.6 to 61.3 km3/y) primarily due to physical limits to fresh groundwater resources (i.e., depletion and/or salinization). On average, withdrawing 5.4 km3/y of nonrenewable water caused groundwater tables to decline 10 to 100 cm/y in different regions, averaging 49 cm/y across the country. This caused elevated annual average electrical conductivity (EC) of groundwater in vast arid/semiarid areas of central and eastern Iran (16 out of 30 subbasins), indicating “very high salinity hazard” for irrigation water. The annual average EC values were generally lower in the wetter northern and western regions, where groundwater EC improvements were detected in rare cases. Our results based on high-resolution groundwater measurements reveal alarming water security threats associated with declining fresh groundwater quantity and quality due to many years of unsustainable use. Our analysis offers insights into the environmental implications and limitations of water-intensive development plans that other water-scarce countries might adopt. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Groundwater depletion \| salinity \| water resources management \| water quality
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Article; electric conductivity; groundwater depletion; Iran; irrigation (agriculture); salinity; semiarid climate; water quality; water quantity; water supply
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/238708
作者单位	Water, Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland; School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853111, Iran; Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Civil Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States; Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1477893855, Iran; Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies, Yale University, New Have...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Noori R.,Maghrebi M.,Mirchi A.,等. Anthropogenic depletion of Iran’s aquifers[J],2021,118(25).
APA	Noori R..,Maghrebi M..,Mirchi A..,Tang Q..,Bhattarai R..,...&Madani K..(2021).Anthropogenic depletion of Iran’s aquifers.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(25).
MLA	Noori R.,et al."Anthropogenic depletion of Iran’s aquifers".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.25(2021).