气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene sites in the montane forests of New Guinea yield early record of cassowary hunting and egg harvesting

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2100117118
	Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene sites in the montane forests of New Guinea yield early record of cassowary hunting and egg harvesting
	Douglass K.; Gaffney D.; Feo T.J.; Bulathsinhala P.; Mack A.L.; Spitzer M.; Summerhayes G.R.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0027-8424
卷号	118 期号:40
英文摘要	How early human foragers impacted insular forests is a topic with implications across multiple disciplines, including resource management. Paradoxically, terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene impacts of foraging communities have been characterized as both extreme—as in debates over human-driven faunal extinctions—and minimal compared to later landscape transformations by farmers and herders. We investigated how rainforest hunter-gatherers managed resources in montane New Guinea and present some of the earliest documentation of Late Pleistocene through mid-Holocene exploitation of cassowaries (Aves: Casuariidae). Worldwide, most insular ratites were extirpated by the Late Holocene, following human arrivals, including elephant birds of Madagascar (Aepyornithidae) and moa of Aotearoa/New Zealand (Dinornithiformes)—icons of anthropogenic island devastation. Cassowaries are exceptional, however, with populations persisting in New Guinea and Australia. Little is known of past human exploitation and what factors contributed to their survival. We present a method for inferring past human interaction with mega-avifauna via analysis of microstructural features of archaeological eggshell. We then contextualize cassowary hunting and egg harvesting by montane foragers and discuss the implications of human exploitation. Our data suggest cassowary egg harvesting may have been more common than the harvesting of adults. Furthermore, our analysis of cassowary eggshell microstructural variation reveals a distinct pattern of harvesting eggs in late ontogenetic stages. Harvesting eggs in later stages of embryonic growth may reflect human dietary preferences and foraging seasonality, but the observed pattern also supports the possibility that—as early as the Late Pleistocene—people were collecting eggs in order to hatch and rear cassowary chicks. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Cassowary; Megafauna; Montane rainforests; Ratites; Sahul
语种	英语
scopus关键词	adult; article; Australia; chick; diet; documentation; egg shell; elephant; embryo; forager; foraging; human; hunter-gatherer; Late Holocene; Madagascar; New Zealand; nonhuman; Papua New Guinea; rain forest; ratite; seasonal variation; Upper Pleistocene
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/238633
作者单位	Department of Anthropology, Institutes for Energy and the Environment, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, United States; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Birds, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, United States; Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DZ, United Kingdom; California Council on Science and Technology, Sacramento, CA 95814, United States; Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Academic Affairs, Pennsylvania State University, Altoona, PA 16601, United States; Archaeology Programme, School of Social Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand; School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National Unive...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Douglass K.,Gaffney D.,Feo T.J.,et al. Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene sites in the montane forests of New Guinea yield early record of cassowary hunting and egg harvesting[J],2021,118(40).
APA	Douglass K..,Gaffney D..,Feo T.J..,Bulathsinhala P..,Mack A.L..,...&Summerhayes G.R..(2021).Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene sites in the montane forests of New Guinea yield early record of cassowary hunting and egg harvesting.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(40).
MLA	Douglass K.,et al."Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene sites in the montane forests of New Guinea yield early record of cassowary hunting and egg harvesting".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.40(2021).