气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Characterizing the “fungal shunt”: Parasitic fungi on diatoms affect carbon flow and bacterial communities in aquatic microbial food webs

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2102225118
	Characterizing the “fungal shunt”: Parasitic fungi on diatoms affect carbon flow and bacterial communities in aquatic microbial food webs
	Klawonn I.; van den Wyngaert S.; Parada A.E.; Arandia-Gorostidi N.; Whitehouse M.J.; Grossart H.-P.; Dekas A.E.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0027-8424
卷号	118 期号:23
英文摘要	Microbial interactions in aquatic environments profoundly affect global biogeochemical cycles, but the role of microparasites has been largely overlooked. Using a model pathosystem, we studied hitherto cryptic interactions between microparasitic fungi (chytrid Rhizophydiales), their diatom host Asterionella, and cell-associated and free-living bacteria. We analyzed the effect of fungal infections on microbial abundances, bacterial taxonomy, cell-to-cell carbon transfer, and cell-specific nitrate-based growth using microscopy (e.g., fluorescence in situ hybridization), 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Bacterial abundances were 2 to 4 times higher on individual fungal-infected diatoms compared to healthy diatoms, particularly involving Burkholderiales. Furthermore, taxonomic compositions of both diatom-associated and free-living bacteria were significantly different between noninfected and fungal-infected cocultures. The fungal microparasite, including diatom-associated sporangia and free-swimming zoospores, derived ∼100% of their carbon content from the diatom. By comparison, transfer efficiencies of photosynthetic carbon were lower to diatom-associated bacteria (67 to 98%), with a high cell-to-cell variability, and even lower to free-living bacteria (32%). Likewise, nitrate-based growth for the diatom and fungi was synchronized and faster than for diatom-associated and free-living bacteria. In a natural lacustrine system, where infection prevalence reached 54%, we calculated that 20% of the total diatom-derived photosynthetic carbon was shunted to the parasitic fungi, which can be grazed by zooplankton, thereby accelerating carbon transfer to higher trophic levels and bypassing the microbial loop. The herein termed “fungal shunt” can thus significantly modify the fate of photosynthetic carbon and the nature of phytoplankton-bacteria interactions, with implications for diverse pelagic food webs and global biogeochemical cycles. © This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).
英文关键词	Carbon fluxes; Eukaryotic microparasites; Phytoplankton-fungi-bacteria interactions
语种	英语
scopus关键词	carbon; nitrate; RNA 16S; amplicon; aquatic environment; Article; Asterionella; bacterial growth; Burkholderiales; cell fate; cell interaction; Chytridiomycetes; controlled study; diatom; electron impact mass spectrometry; flow kinetics; fluorescence in situ hybridization; food web; fungus growth; gene sequence; host bacterium interaction; microbial community; microbial interaction; microparasite; mycosis; nonhuman; prevalence; sporangium; taxonomy; zooplankton
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/238536
作者单位	Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, 12587, Germany; Department of Geosciences, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, 104 05, Sweden; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, 14476, Germany; Department of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Rostock, 18119, Germany; WaterCluster Lunz, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Lunz am See, 3293, Austria
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Klawonn I.,van den Wyngaert S.,Parada A.E.,等. Characterizing the “fungal shunt”: Parasitic fungi on diatoms affect carbon flow and bacterial communities in aquatic microbial food webs[J],2021,118(23).
APA	Klawonn I..,van den Wyngaert S..,Parada A.E..,Arandia-Gorostidi N..,Whitehouse M.J..,...&Dekas A.E..(2021).Characterizing the “fungal shunt”: Parasitic fungi on diatoms affect carbon flow and bacterial communities in aquatic microbial food webs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(23).
MLA	Klawonn I.,et al."Characterizing the “fungal shunt”: Parasitic fungi on diatoms affect carbon flow and bacterial communities in aquatic microbial food webs".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.23(2021).