气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Starvation induces shrinkage of the bacterial cytoplasm

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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2104686118
	Starvation induces shrinkage of the bacterial cytoplasm
	Shi H.; Westfall C.S.; Kao J.; Odermatt P.D.; Anderson S.E.; Cesar S.; Sievert M.; Moore J.; Gonzalez C.G.; Zhang L.; Elias J.E.; Chang F.; Huang K.C.; Levin P.A.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0027-8424
卷号	118 期号:24
英文摘要	Environmental fluctuations are a common challenge for single-celled organisms; enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli experience dramatic changes in nutrient availability, pH, and temperature during their journey into and out of the host. While the effects of altered nutrient availability on gene expression and protein synthesis are well known, their impacts on cytoplasmic dynamics and cell morphology have been largely overlooked. Here, we discover that depletion of utilizable nutrients results in shrinkage of E. coli’s inner membrane from the cell wall. Shrinkage was accompanied by an ∼17% reduction in cytoplasmic volume and a concurrent increase in periplasmic volume. Inner membrane retraction after sudden starvation occurred almost exclusively at the new cell pole. This phenomenon was distinct from turgor-mediated plasmolysis and independent of new transcription, translation, or canonical starvation-sensing pathways. Cytoplasmic dry-mass density increased during shrinkage, suggesting that it is driven primarily by loss of water. Shrinkage was reversible: upon a shift to nutrient-rich medium, expansion started almost immediately at a rate dependent on carbon source quality. A robust entry into and recovery from shrinkage required the Tol-Pal system, highlighting the importance of envelope coupling during shrinkage and recovery. Klebsiella pneumoniae also exhibited shrinkage when shifted to carbon-free conditions, suggesting a conserved phenomenon. These findings demonstrate that even when Gram-negative bacterial growth is arrested, cell morphology and physiology are still dynamic. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Cytoplasmic density; Microbial stress response; Periplasm; Starvation; Stationary phase
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Article; bacterial cell; bacterial cell wall; bacterial growth; carbon source; cell density; cell size; cell structure; cell turgor; cell volume; controlled study; Escherichia coli; inner membrane; Klebsiella pneumoniae; nonhuman; periplasm; plasmolysis; starvation
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/238522
作者单位	Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School ofMedicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Shi H.,Westfall C.S.,Kao J.,et al. Starvation induces shrinkage of the bacterial cytoplasm[J],2021,118(24).
APA	Shi H..,Westfall C.S..,Kao J..,Odermatt P.D..,Anderson S.E..,...&Levin P.A..(2021).Starvation induces shrinkage of the bacterial cytoplasm.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(24).
MLA	Shi H.,et al."Starvation induces shrinkage of the bacterial cytoplasm".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.24(2021).