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DOI	10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105729
	Reduction of surface radiative forcing observed from remote sensing data during global COVID-19 lockdown
	Mazhar U.; Jin S.; Bilal M.; Arfan Ali M.; Khan R.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0169-8095
卷号	261
英文摘要	The calamity of the COVID-19 pandemic during the early half of 2020 not only caused a huge physical and economic loss but altered the social behavior of the whole world. The social and economic stagnation imposed in many countries and served as a major cause of perturbation in atmospheric composition. This paper utilized the relation between atmospheric composition and surface radiation and analyzed the impact of global COVID-19 lockdown on land surface solar and thermal radiation. Top of atmosphere (TOA) and surface radiation are obtained from the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) and European Reanalysis product (ERA5) reanalysis product. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is obtained from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) while Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are obtained from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Observations of all mentioned parameters are studied for the global lockdown period of 2020 (from January to July) and compared with the corresponding months of the previous four years (2016–19) observations. Regarding surface radiation, April 2020 is the most affected month during the pandemic in which 0.2% increased net solar radiation (NSR), while 3.45% and 4.8% decreased net thermal radiation (NTR) and net radiation (NR) respectively was observed. Average radiative forcing during March–May 2020 was observed as 1.09 Wm−2, −2.19 Wm−2 and −1.09 Wm−2 for NSR, NTR and NR, respectively. AOD was reduced by 0.2% in May 2020 while NO2 and SO2 were reduced by 5.4% and 8.8%, respectively, in April 2020. It was observed that NO2 kept on reducing since January 2020 while SO2 kept on reducing since February 2020 which were the pre-lockdown months. These results suggest that a more sophisticated analysis is needed to explain the atmosphere-radiation relation. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Air pollution; COVID-19; Economic and social lockdown; Land surface radiation
来源期刊	Atmospheric Research
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/236665
作者单位	School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200030, China; Lab of Environmental Remote sensing, School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Key laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Mazhar U.,Jin S.,Bilal M.,et al. Reduction of surface radiative forcing observed from remote sensing data during global COVID-19 lockdown[J],2021,261.
APA	Mazhar U.,Jin S.,Bilal M.,Arfan Ali M.,&Khan R..(2021).Reduction of surface radiative forcing observed from remote sensing data during global COVID-19 lockdown.Atmospheric Research,261.
MLA	Mazhar U.,et al."Reduction of surface radiative forcing observed from remote sensing data during global COVID-19 lockdown".Atmospheric Research 261(2021).