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| Trapped in travertine: Physical and chemical signature of paleoseismicity in hot spring deposits on active faults of the Central Nevada Seismic Belt | |
| 项目编号 | 2040716 |
| Juliet Crider | |
| 项目主持机构 | University of Washington |
| 开始日期 | 2021-03-01 |
| 结束日期 | 02/28/2023 |
| 英文摘要 | In order to understand earthquake hazard, scientists investigate the record of past earthquakes to as a means to constrain the possible size of future earthquakes and how often they might recur. In regions with limited historical records or large, infrequent events, the evidence is held in the geologic effects of ancient ground-surface ruptures. But not all earthquakes produce these ruptures nor are they always well preserved in the geology. The proposed work seeks to expand the geologic tool kit for earthquake history by exploring the record of earthquakes preserved in the amount and chemical make-up of minerals related to hot springs along active faults. Because faults can be conduits for hot-spring waters, and because earthquakes change the internal structure of faults, researchers expect to see differences in hot-spring minerals deposited before and after past earthquakes. The field sites, located in a region of central Nevada with a history of large earthquakes, contain many hot-spring mineral deposits, along with other geological features that record earthquake and ground water history, making it an ideal place to test the relationship between earthquakes and changes in hot-spring mineral deposits. Results from this study will provide important new insights into the lifecycle of hot springs and other hydrothermal systems and have direct bearing on earthquake risk in a seismically active part of the western United States. If this work shows that hot-spring minerals record past earthquakes, hot-spring minerals could be used for understanding earthquake hazard in other places of the United States and around the world. In addition to the scientific objectives of the project, it will also contribute to the training and research efforts of honors undergraduate students in an important STEM discipline, it will support postdoctoral training for an early career female researcher thus broadening participation of underrepresented groups in the earth sciences, and it will provide for educational outreach activities and development of online learning materials in conjunction with IRIS (Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology) and the educational outreach program GeoFORCE. Hydrothermal systems are transient features in active tectonic and magmatic regimes, representing the ephemeral co-location of permeability, heat, and fluid. They are sensitive to both internal and external perturbations from the many factors influencing local hydrology. The proposed work will explore millennial-scale variability in discharge, composition and temperature at several hot-spring travertine deposits to explore the impact of climate and seismic forcing on hydrothermal systems. The approach includes: 1) construction of physical, chemical, and isotopic travertine stratigraphy from field mapping, shallow (~10 meter) core, major and trace element analyses, and stable, radiogenic, and clumped-isotope analyses; and 2) geochronology to constrain the time of physical and chemical changes preserved in the spring deposits. The field sites, located in Buena Vista and Dixie valleys in the northern Central Nevada Seismic Belt, contain multiple travertine deposits, detailed paleohydrologic records from Late Pleistocene to Holocene lake level fluctuations, and a robust record of large (M 6 to >M 7) Late Pleistocene to historic earthquakes, making it an ideal place to evaluate the mechanisms influencing hydrothermal discharge across multiple spatial and temporal scales. The stratigraphic, chemical, and thermal histories of travertine deposits resulting from this study will provide important new insights into the life cycle of fluid flow from faults across multiple time scales, from co-seismic rupture and interseismic sealing to the influence of regional hydrologic changes. Chemical evidence for seismic events in the hydrologic record preserved in these deposits would add to the understanding of regional seismic risk independent of discrete surface deformation and would represent a new approach for identifying paleoseismic events. This has direct bearing on seismic recurrence intervals in an historically active region of the western United States and broader implications for seismic hazard assessments in a variety of global settings, where hydrothermal activity and seismicity coincide with population centers. This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria. |
| 资助机构 | US-NSF |
| 项目经费 | $460,596.00 |
| 项目类型 | Standard Grant |
| 国家 | US |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 文献类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/213294 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Juliet Crider.Trapped in travertine: Physical and chemical signature of paleoseismicity in hot spring deposits on active faults of the Central Nevada Seismic Belt.2021. |
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