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DOI	10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.01.025
	The evolution of latitudinal temperature gradients from the latest Cretaceous through the Present
	Zhang L.; Hay W.W.; Wang C.; Gu X.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0012-9059
起始页码	147
结束页码	158
卷号	189
英文摘要	Latitudinal temperature gradients are a defining characteristic of the climate system. Using thermometric indicators, including δ18O, plant and animal fossils, glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) proxies, and clumped isotope estimates, we document marine and terrestrial temperature gradients for the latest Cretaceous, Late Paleocene-Early Eocene, Early Oligocene, Pliocene, and Recent. The changes in gradients reflect the transition greenhouse to icehouse conditions. The evolution of latitudinal temperature gradients in marine and terrestrial realms are similar but has some distinctive differences. Marine temperatures are generally warmer than those on land. Except for the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene, the marine records show distinct inflection points at ~30° and ~50° latitude indicating the existence of frontal systems in the ocean. Except for the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene, the marine records show an increasingly steeper trend, from latest Cretaceous through Recent, being most pronounced after the Early Oligocene greenhouse-icehouse transition. This trend reflects the increasing intensity of high-latitude and polar cooling as the icehouse state developed. During the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene the oceans were characterized by slightly warmer tropics and much warmer higher latitudes than at present. The continents have generally had tropical temperatures like those of today, varying by <5 °C. Higher latitude temperatures cooled during the latest Cretaceous, became much warmer during the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene, then cooled during the Early Oligocene and have become increasingly colder since then. The results suggest that there is a climate thermostat mechanism, probably related to greenhouse gas concentrations, that ameliorates tropical warming by redistributing warmth to the poles in the greenhouse world. That mechanism broke down as greenhouse gas concentrations declined resulting in the conversion from greenhouse to icehouse conditions. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Cenozoic; Climate zone; Greenhouse climate; Icehouse climate; Latest Cretaceous; Latitudinal temperature gradient; Paleotemperature
语种	英语
scopus关键词	climate variation; Cretaceous; glacial-interglacial cycle; greenhouse gas; Oligocene; paleoceanography; Paleocene-Eocene boundary; paleoclimate; Pliocene; temperature gradient; thermometry; Animalia
来源期刊	EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/209961
作者单位	State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing100083, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing100083, China; Department of Geological Sciences and University Museum, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2045 Windcliff Dr, Estes Park, CO 80517, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zhang L.,Hay W.W.,Wang C.,et al. The evolution of latitudinal temperature gradients from the latest Cretaceous through the Present[J],2019,189.
APA	Zhang L.,Hay W.W.,Wang C.,&Gu X..(2019).The evolution of latitudinal temperature gradients from the latest Cretaceous through the Present.EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS,189.
MLA	Zhang L.,et al."The evolution of latitudinal temperature gradients from the latest Cretaceous through the Present".EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS 189(2019).