气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Modern supratidal microbialites fed by groundwater: functional drivers, value and trajectories

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DOI	10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103364
	Modern supratidal microbialites fed by groundwater: functional drivers, value and trajectories
	Rishworth G.M.; Dodd C.; Perissinotto R.; Bornman T.G.; Adams J.B.; Anderson C.R.; Cawthra H.C.; Dorrington R.A.; du Toit H.; Edworthy C.; Gibb R.-L.A.; Human L.R.D.; Isemonger E.W.; Lemley D.A.; Miranda N.A.F.; Peer N.; Raw J.L.; Smith A.M.; Steyn P.-P.; Strydom N.A.; Teske P.R.; Welman S.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0012-8574
卷号	210
英文摘要	Microbial mats were the dominant habitat type in shallow marine environments between the Palaeoarchean and Phanerozoic. Many of these (termed ‘microbialites’) calcified as they grew but such lithified mats are rare along modern coasts for reasons such as unsuitable water chemistry, destructive metazoan influences and competition with other reef-builders such as corals or macroalgae. Nonetheless, extant microbialites occur in unique coastal ecosystems such as the Exuma Cays, Bahamas or Lake Clifton and Hamelin Pool, Australia, where limitations such as calcium carbonate availability or destructive bioturbation are diminished. Along the coast of South Africa, extensive distributions of living microbialites (including layered stromatolites) have been discovered and described since the early 2000s. Unlike the Bahamian and Australian ecosystems, the South African microbialites form exclusively in the supratidal coastal zone at the convergence of emergent groundwater seepage. Similar systems were documented subsequently in southwestern Australia, Northern Ireland and the Scottish Hebrides, as recently as 2018, revealing that supratidal microbialites have a global distribution. This review uses the best-studied formations to contextualise formative drivers and processes of these supratidal ecosystems and highlight their geological, ecological and societal relevance. Dynamic interchanges between salinity states both exclude many destructive metazoans and competitors and provides optimal nutrient conditions for benthic microbial and microalgal growth. The outflowing groundwater seeps are alkaline and rich in calcium carbonate, which reflects local catchment geological processes. These habitats support a diverse microbial community dominated by Cyanobacteria as well as some metazoan species previously unknown to science, or unknown for the region. Several taxa (from invertebrates to fish) utilise this environment as refugia. Supratidal microbialites are important coastal features because of the organisms they support and the ecological processes that they facilitate, such as habitat connectivity. Culturally and socially, the value of these habitats is increasingly being appreciated, for example as traditional freshwater supply points or as an unrealised geotourism opportunity. This review also frames new information about threats, opportunities for future research and conservation trajectories for these unique geobiological habitats. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Biodiversity; Ecosystem services; Extant microbialites; Peritidal; Shore-platform stromatolites
语种	英语
scopus关键词	biodiversity; coastal zone; ecosystem service; groundwater; habitat type; marine environment; microbial mat; microbialite; salinity; stromatolite; Australia; Hebrides; Northern Ireland; Scotland; United Kingdom; Anthozoa; Cyanobacteria; Invertebrata; Metazoa
来源期刊	EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/209503
作者单位	Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; DSI/NRF Research Chair: Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Department of Geosciences, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), Elwandle Coastal Node, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Geophysics and Remote Sensing Unit, Council for Geoscience Western Cape Regional Office, Bellville, South Africa; African Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa; The South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, South Africa; Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, So...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Rishworth G.M.,Dodd C.,Perissinotto R.,et al. Modern supratidal microbialites fed by groundwater: functional drivers, value and trajectories[J],2020,210.
APA	Rishworth G.M..,Dodd C..,Perissinotto R..,Bornman T.G..,Adams J.B..,...&Welman S..(2020).Modern supratidal microbialites fed by groundwater: functional drivers, value and trajectories.EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS,210.
MLA	Rishworth G.M.,et al."Modern supratidal microbialites fed by groundwater: functional drivers, value and trajectories".EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS 210(2020).