气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Fracturing and healing of basaltic magmas during explosive volcanic eruptions

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DOI	10.1038/s41561-021-00708-1
	Fracturing and healing of basaltic magmas during explosive volcanic eruptions
	Taddeucci J.; Cimarelli C.; Alatorre‑Ibargüengoitia M.A.; Delgado-Granados H.; Andronico D.; Del Bello E.; Scarlato P.; Di Stefano F.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	17520894
起始页码	248
结束页码	254
卷号	14 期号:4
英文摘要	The eruption of basaltic magmas dominates explosive volcanism on Earth and other planets within the Solar System. The mechanism through which continuous magma fragments into volcanic particles is central in governing eruption dynamics and the ensuing hazards. However, the mechanism of fragmentation of basaltic magmas is still disputed, with both viscous and brittle mechanisms having been proposed. Here we carry out textural analysis of the products of ten eruptions from seven volcanoes by scanning electron microscopy. We find broken crystals surrounded by intact glass that testify to the brittle fragmentation of basaltic magmas during explosive activity worldwide. We then replicated the natural textures of broken crystals in laboratory experiments where variably crystallized basaltic melt was fragmented by rapid deformation. The experiments reveal that crystals are broken by the propagation of a network of fractures through magma, and that afterwards the fractures heal by viscous flow of the melt. Fracturing and healing affect gas mobility, stress distribution, and bubble and crystal size distributions in magma. Our results challenge the idea that the grain size distribution of basaltic eruption products reflects the density of fractures that initially fragmented the magma and ultimately indicate that brittle fracturing and viscous healing of magma may underlie basaltic explosive eruptions globally. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited part of Springer Nature.
英文关键词	basalt; explosive volcanism; hydraulic fracturing; magma; size distribution; viscous flow; volcanic eruption; volcanism
语种	英语
来源期刊	Nature Geoscience
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/206963
作者单位	Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Roma1, Rome, Italy; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Instituto de Investigación en Gestión de Riesgo y Cambio Climático, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla, Mexico; Departamento de Vulcanología, Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior, Mexico City, Mexico; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo - Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Taddeucci J.,Cimarelli C.,Alatorre‑Ibargüengoitia M.A.,et al. Fracturing and healing of basaltic magmas during explosive volcanic eruptions[J],2021,14(4).
APA	Taddeucci J..,Cimarelli C..,Alatorre‑Ibargüengoitia M.A..,Delgado-Granados H..,Andronico D..,...&Di Stefano F..(2021).Fracturing and healing of basaltic magmas during explosive volcanic eruptions.Nature Geoscience,14(4).
MLA	Taddeucci J.,et al."Fracturing and healing of basaltic magmas during explosive volcanic eruptions".Nature Geoscience 14.4(2021).