气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Spatiotemporal clustering of great earthquakes on a transform fault controlled by geometry

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DOI	10.1038/s41561-021-00721-4
	Spatiotemporal clustering of great earthquakes on a transform fault controlled by geometry
	Howarth J.D.; Barth N.C.; Fitzsimons S.J.; Richards-Dinger K.; Clark K.J.; Biasi G.P.; Cochran U.A.; Langridge R.M.; Berryman K.R.; Sutherland R.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	17520894
起始页码	314
结束页码	320
卷号	14 期号:5
英文摘要	Minor changes in geometry along the length of mature strike-slip faults may act as conditional barriers to earthquake rupture, terminating some and allowing others to pass. This hypothesis remains largely untested because palaeoearthquake data that constrain spatial and temporal patterns of fault rupture are generally imprecise. Here we develop palaeoearthquake event data that encompass the last 20 major-to-great earthquakes along approximately 320 km of the Alpine Fault in New Zealand with sufficient temporal resolution and spatial coverage to reveal along-strike patterns of rupture extent. The palaeoearthquake record shows that earthquake terminations tend to cluster in time near minor along-strike changes in geometry. These terminations limit the length to which rupture can grow and produce two modes of earthquake behaviour characterized by phases of major (Mw 7–8) and great (Mw > 8) earthquakes. Physics-based simulations of seismic cycles closely resemble our observations when parameterized with realistic fault geometry. Switching between the rupture modes emerges due to heterogeneous stress states that evolve over multiple seismic cycles in response to along-strike differences in geometry. These geometric complexities exert a first-order control on rupture behaviour that is not currently accounted for in fault-source models for seismic hazard. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
英文关键词	earthquake; earthquake rupture; geometry; hypothesis testing; numerical model; parameterization; simulation; spatiotemporal analysis; strike-slip fault; transform; transform fault; New Zealand
语种	英语
来源期刊	Nature Geoscience
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/206909
作者单位	Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; University of California, Riverside, CA, United States; University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand; USGS, Pasadena, CA, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Howarth J.D.,Barth N.C.,Fitzsimons S.J.,et al. Spatiotemporal clustering of great earthquakes on a transform fault controlled by geometry[J],2021,14(5).
APA	Howarth J.D..,Barth N.C..,Fitzsimons S.J..,Richards-Dinger K..,Clark K.J..,...&Sutherland R..(2021).Spatiotemporal clustering of great earthquakes on a transform fault controlled by geometry.Nature Geoscience,14(5).
MLA	Howarth J.D.,et al."Spatiotemporal clustering of great earthquakes on a transform fault controlled by geometry".Nature Geoscience 14.5(2021).