气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Deep-sea eruptions boosted by induced fuel

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DOI	10.1038/s41561-020-0603-4
	Deep-sea eruptions boosted by induced fuel–coolant explosions
	Dürig T.; White J.D.L.; Murch A.P.; Zimanowski B.; Büttner R.; Mele D.; Dellino P.; Carey R.J.; Schmidt L.S.; Spitznagel N.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	17520894
起始页码	498
结束页码	503
卷号	13 期号:7
英文摘要	The majority of Earth’s volcanic eruptions occur beneath the sea, but the limited number of direct observations and samples limits our understanding of these unseen events. Subaerial eruptions lend some insight, but direct extrapolation from the subaerial to the deep sea is precluded by the great differences in pressure, thermal conditions, density and rheology, and the interplay among them. Here we present laboratory fragmentation experiments that mimic deep-sea explosive eruptions and compare our laboratory observations with those from the kilometre-deep submarine eruption of Havre Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand, in 2012. We find that the Havre eruption involved explosive fragmentation of magma by a pressure-insensitive interaction between cool water and hot magma, termed an induced fuel–coolant interaction. The laboratory experiments show that this water–magma interaction is initiated by the formation of cracks in cooling magma into which the water coolant can infiltrate, driving explosive fragmentation. Explosive submarine eruptions have previously been considered unlikely because stabilization of a vapour film at the magma–water contact was thought to be a key requirement but is suppressed at depths exceeding 100 m. However, here we demonstrate that these induced fuel–coolant interactions between magma and water can occur in a range of wet environments regardless of pressure, from the subaerial to the deep sea, and may operate on different planets, as well as apply to materials other than magma and water. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
英文关键词	cool water; deep sea; explosion; explosive; magma; submarine; volcanic eruption; Kermadec Arc; New Zealand; Pacific Ocean
语种	英语
来源期刊	Nature Geoscience
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/206766
作者单位	Geology Department, University of Otago, North Dunedin, New Zealand; Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland; Physikalisch Vulkanologisches Labor, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, University of Bari, Bari, Italy; School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Dürig T.,White J.D.L.,Murch A.P.,等. Deep-sea eruptions boosted by induced fuel–coolant explosions[J],2020,13(7).
APA	Dürig T..,White J.D.L..,Murch A.P..,Zimanowski B..,Büttner R..,...&Spitznagel N..(2020).Deep-sea eruptions boosted by induced fuel–coolant explosions.Nature Geoscience,13(7).
MLA	Dürig T.,et al."Deep-sea eruptions boosted by induced fuel–coolant explosions".Nature Geoscience 13.7(2020).