气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Should North Carolina require more efficient water heaters in homes? A cost-benefit analysis

CCPortal

DOI	10.1016/j.enpol.2020.112113
	Should North Carolina require more efficient water heaters in homes? A cost-benefit analysis
	Carroll Z.; Couzo E.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	03014215
卷号	150
英文摘要	In 2015, water heaters were the second largest end-user of residential energy. Heat pump (HP) water heaters are several times more efficient than the electric resistance (ER) water heaters common in homes. Currently, North Carolina only requires electric water heaters with tanks larger than 55 gallons to be HP water heaters in new homes, thus allowing inefficient ER water heaters in smaller residences. We considered a hypothetical change to North Carolina's building code requiring HP water heaters in all new residential units constructed in 2018. Using housing data from the US Census Bureau, along with electricity rates and emissions factors from the US Energy Information Administration, we quantified changes in costs expected from tightened efficiency requirements. We estimate that requiring HP water heaters in all new residential construction incurs a one-time statewide cost of $29.5 million, but leads to a total 10-year savings of $108.7 million for residents, as well as 10-year reductions in carbon dioxide emissions of 441,000 metric tons. When rebates from electric utilities are included, total 10-year statewide savings increase to $125.3 million. Our results show that economic and environmental benefits can be realized through changes to state building codes, thus obviating the need for legislative action. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
关键词	Carbon dioxide emissions Cost-benefit analysis Energy efficiency Heat pump water heater
英文关键词	Building codes; Carbon dioxide; Electric resistance; Electric utilities; Global warming; Heat resistance; Housing; Laws and legislation; Water heaters; Water tanks; Carbon dioxide emissions; Economic and environmental benefits; Efficiency requirements; Electric water heaters; Energy Information Administration; Legislative action; Residential construction; Residential energy; Cost benefit analysis; building code; carbon dioxide; cost-benefit analysis; electronic equipment; emission; energy efficiency; heating; residential location; North Carolina; United States; Rosa carolina carolina
语种	英语
来源期刊	Energy Policy
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/205037
作者单位	UNC Asheville, CPO 1950, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Carroll Z.,Couzo E.. Should North Carolina require more efficient water heaters in homes? A cost-benefit analysis[J],2021,150.
APA	Carroll Z.,&Couzo E..(2021).Should North Carolina require more efficient water heaters in homes? A cost-benefit analysis.Energy Policy,150.
MLA	Carroll Z.,et al."Should North Carolina require more efficient water heaters in homes? A cost-benefit analysis".Energy Policy 150(2021).