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DOI	10.1111/ele.13715
	Universal rules of life: metabolic rates, biological times and the equal fitness paradigm
	Robert Burger J.; Hou C.; A. S. Hall C.; Brown J.H.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1461023X
起始页码	1262
结束页码	1281
卷号	24 期号:6
英文摘要	Here we review and extend the equal fitness paradigm (EFP) as an important step in developing and testing a synthetic theory of ecology and evolution based on energy and metabolism. The EFP states that all organisms are equally fit at steady state, because they allocate the same quantity of energy, ~ 22.4 kJ/g/generation to the production of offspring. On the one hand, the EFP may seem tautological, because equal fitness is necessary for the origin and persistence of biodiversity. On the other hand, the EFP reflects universal laws of life: how biological metabolism – the uptake, transformation and allocation of energy – links ecological and evolutionary patterns and processes across levels of organisation from: (1) structure and function of individual organisms, (2) life history and dynamics of populations, and (3) interactions and coevolution of species in ecosystems. The physics and biology of metabolism have facilitated the evolution of millions of species with idiosyncratic anatomy, physiology, behaviour and ecology but also with many shared traits and tradeoffs that reflect the single origin and universal rules of life. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
关键词	Allometry demography ecosystems energy budget evolutionary tradeoffs life history metabolic theory of ecology scaling steady-state temperature-dependence unified ecology
英文关键词	biodiversity; evolution; evolutionary biology; fitness; life history; metabolism; trade-off; ecosystem; evolution; Biological Evolution; Ecosystem
语种	英语
来源期刊	Ecology Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/204477
作者单位	Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Arizona Institutes for Resilience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Department of Biological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States; Department of Environmental and Forest Biology and Program in Environmental Science, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States; Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Robert Burger J.,Hou C.,A. S. Hall C.,et al. Universal rules of life: metabolic rates, biological times and the equal fitness paradigm[J],2021,24(6).
APA	Robert Burger J.,Hou C.,A. S. Hall C.,&Brown J.H..(2021).Universal rules of life: metabolic rates, biological times and the equal fitness paradigm.Ecology Letters,24(6).
MLA	Robert Burger J.,et al."Universal rules of life: metabolic rates, biological times and the equal fitness paradigm".Ecology Letters 24.6(2021).