气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Resilience or Catastrophe? A possible state change for monarch butterflies in western North America

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DOI	10.1111/ele.13816
	Resilience or Catastrophe? A possible state change for monarch butterflies in western North America
	Crone E.E.; Schultz C.B.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1461023X
起始页码	1533
结束页码	1538
卷号	24 期号:8
英文摘要	In the western United States, the population of migratory monarch butterflies is on the brink of collapse, having dropped from several million butterflies in the 1980s to ~2000 butterflies in the winter of 2020–2021. At the same time, a resident (non-migratory) monarch butterfly population in urban gardens has been growing in abundance. The new resident population is not sufficient to make up for the loss of the migratory population; there are still orders of magnitude fewer butterflies now than in the recent past. The resident population also probably lacks the demographic capacity to expand its range inland during summer months. Nonetheless, the resident population may have the capacity to persist. This sudden change emphasises the extent to which environmental change can have unexpected consequences, and how quickly these changes can happen. We hope it will provoke discussion about how we define resilience and viability in changing environments. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
关键词	alternative stable states Danaus plexippus disease ecology ecological surprises ecological trap source–sink dynamics urban ecology
英文关键词	Danaus plexippus; Papilionoidea; animal; butterfly; North America; population dynamics; population migration; season; United States; Animal Migration; Animals; Butterflies; North America; Population Dynamics; Seasons; United States
语种	英语
来源期刊	Ecology Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/204364
作者单位	Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Crone E.E.,Schultz C.B.. Resilience or Catastrophe? A possible state change for monarch butterflies in western North America[J],2021,24(8).
APA	Crone E.E.,&Schultz C.B..(2021).Resilience or Catastrophe? A possible state change for monarch butterflies in western North America.Ecology Letters,24(8).
MLA	Crone E.E.,et al."Resilience or Catastrophe? A possible state change for monarch butterflies in western North America".Ecology Letters 24.8(2021).