气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The ecological causes and consequences of hard and soft selection

CCPortal

DOI	10.1111/ele.13754
	The ecological causes and consequences of hard and soft selection
	Bell D.A.; Kovach R.P.; Robinson Z.L.; Whiteley A.R.; Reed T.E.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1461023X
起始页码	1505
结束页码	1521
卷号	24 期号:7
英文摘要	Interactions between natural selection and population dynamics are central to both evolutionary-ecology and biological responses to anthropogenic change. Natural selection is often thought to incur a demographic cost that, at least temporarily, reduces population growth. However, hard and soft selection clarify that the influence of natural selection on population dynamics depends on ecological context. Under hard selection, an individual's fitness is independent of the population's phenotypic composition, and substantial population declines can occur when phenotypes are mismatched with the environment. In contrast, under soft selection, an individual's fitness is influenced by its phenotype relative to other interacting conspecifics. Soft selection generally influences which, but not how many, individuals survive and reproduce, resulting in little effect on population growth. Despite these important differences, the distinction between hard and soft selection is rarely considered in ecology. Here, we review and synthesize literature on hard and soft selection, explore their ecological causes and implications and highlight their conservation relevance to climate change, inbreeding depression, outbreeding depression and harvest. Overall, these concepts emphasise that natural selection and evolution may often have negligible or counterintuitive effects on population growth—underappreciated outcomes that have major implications in a rapidly changing world. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
关键词	eco-evolutionary dynamics evolutionary rescue global change hard selection inbreeding depression natural selection outbreeding depression population dynamics sexual selection soft selection
英文关键词	demographic trend; demography; fitness; inbreeding depression; natural selection; phenotype; population decline; population dynamics; population growth; evolution; genetic selection; human; inbreeding; phenotype; population dynamics; Biological Evolution; Humans; Inbreeding; Phenotype; Population Dynamics; Selection, Genetic
语种	英语
来源期刊	Ecology Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/204332
作者单位	Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States; Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Missoula, MT, United States; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Bell D.A.,Kovach R.P.,Robinson Z.L.,et al. The ecological causes and consequences of hard and soft selection[J],2021,24(7).
APA	Bell D.A.,Kovach R.P.,Robinson Z.L.,Whiteley A.R.,&Reed T.E..(2021).The ecological causes and consequences of hard and soft selection.Ecology Letters,24(7).
MLA	Bell D.A.,et al."The ecological causes and consequences of hard and soft selection".Ecology Letters 24.7(2021).