气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Global inventory of fluvial ridges on Earth and lessons applicable to Mars

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DOI	10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103561
	Global inventory of fluvial ridges on Earth and lessons applicable to Mars
	Zaki A.S.; Pain C.F.; Edgett K.S.; Castelltort S.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	00128252
卷号	216
英文摘要	Orbiting and landed spacecrafts have provided vast amounts of data on fluvial and fluvial-related landforms and sediments on Mars. One variant of these landforms consists of ridges interpreted to be remnants of ancient fluvial activity, observed at thousands of Martian locales, suggesting extensive precipitation and runoff on early Mars. The importance of these ridges increased after the selection of the Jezero crater and the Oxia Planum landing sites for NASA's Perseverance and ESA's Rosalind Franklin rovers because these locations preserve fluvial sediments in ancient, lithified deltaic landforms. To further understand Martian fluvial ridges, this contribution presents an inventory of 104 sites of fluvial ridges on Earth, offering Upper Ordovician to late Holocene examples that are analogous to their Martian counterparts. The Earth global data set provides environmental contexts for the formation mechanisms and conditions that accompanied channel and valley formation, erosion, and inversion. We describe four types of erosion-resistant capping materials by which channel and valley forms became ridges after materials adjacent to channels were eroded away: (1) twenty-seven cases of volcanic rock-capped ridges; (2) sixty examples of duricrust-capped ridges (eogenesis); (3) four examples of ridge sites formed through armoring by large clasts; and (4) thirteen locations where ridges were formed by erosion after deep burial and tectonic return to the Earth's surface (mesogenesis). Water erosion, wind erosion, and mass wasting all play a role in removing the surrounding terrain, leaving the channel deposits or valley fills standing as ridges. Such ridges can contain as little as 0% and up to 100% fluvial sediments deposited in paleochannels and paleovalleys. Many of Earth's fluvial ridges that preserve channel fill sediments were formed as a response to short-duration seasonal or intermittent fluvial events (i.e. a few thousand to tens of thousands of years). Ridges formed from stacked channel-belts mark vertical aggradation and lateral migration occurring over more prolonged periods of fluvial activity (i.e. millions of years). Underlying materials can be older alluvial or fluvial, aeolian and lacustrine deposits, and weathered bedrock. The wide range of fluvial ridge composition and formational pathways on Earth suggests that the accumulation of the Martian fluvial deposits in paleochannels and paleovalleys (now expressed as ridges) also likely developed by both short-lived and long-lived fluvial activity. Cementation of fluvial deposit and potentially channel-adjacent sediments in the surface/near-surface environment could be prevalent on Mars, particularly because tectonism, as compared to Earth, plays a negligible role in returning buried materials to the surface. Fluvial ridges that were capped by volcanic products are also common on Earth, but very few have been identified on Mars.The discrimination of ridges exposed by erosion after deep burial (mesogenesis) versus those never buried nor exhumed (eogenesis) is not feasible based on remotely-sensed data unless cross-cutting relationships are visible in plan view. Our observations on preserved fluvial deposits compared with the underlying materials in terrestrial ridges infer that uncertainties could be significant in the case of paleohydraulic reconstructions made using measurements of the geomorphic parameters of ridges from high-spatial-resolution orbiter images. © 2021 The Author(s)
关键词	Duricrusts Earth analogs Fluvial ridges Inverted channels Inverted topography Mars Relief inversion Sinuous ridges Surface armoring
英文关键词	crater; deltaic deposit; duricrust; fluvial deposit; formation mechanism; Mars; paleochannel; relief; volcanic rock; Emmelichthyidae
语种	英语
来源期刊	Earth Science Reviews
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/204180
作者单位	Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue des Maraichers 13, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland; MED_Soil, Departamento de Cristlografía, Mineralogía y Quimica Agrícola, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González s/n, Sevilla, 41012, Spain; Malin Space Science Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 910148, San Diego, CA 92191, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zaki A.S.,Pain C.F.,Edgett K.S.,et al. Global inventory of fluvial ridges on Earth and lessons applicable to Mars[J],2021,216.
APA	Zaki A.S.,Pain C.F.,Edgett K.S.,&Castelltort S..(2021).Global inventory of fluvial ridges on Earth and lessons applicable to Mars.Earth Science Reviews,216.
MLA	Zaki A.S.,et al."Global inventory of fluvial ridges on Earth and lessons applicable to Mars".Earth Science Reviews 216(2021).