气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Tsunamis caused by offshore active faults and their deposits

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DOI	10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103380
	Tsunamis caused by offshore active faults and their deposits
	Takashimizu Y.; Kawakami G.; Urabe A.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	00128252
卷号	211
英文摘要	This paper reviews the variable features of coastal tsunamis caused by offshore active faults along the eastern margin of the Japan Sea (EMJS) based on the historical records and modern observations of earthquakes and tsunamis. Tsunami deposits discovered along the EMJS coast were also introduced and categorized depending on their sedimentary environments. The offshore active faults, which are densely distributed along the EMJS and generate tsunamis, are originated from the opening of the Japan Sea back-arc basin during the late Oligocene to Miocene period. The magnitudes of the earthquakes that caused large tsunamis in the EMJS were under 8.0. The size of the fault plane (approximately equal to the tsunami source area) was approximately 10 × 100 and several tens of kilometers in length. The slip distance of the reverse-type faults was less than 20 m. The sedimentary characteristics and depositional processes of tsunami deposits were obtained from deposits in various environments, such as coastal lowlands, marine terraces, coastal lagoons, and inland ponds. Certain unique approaches used to identify tsunami deposits were reviewed, such as gravel layers that intercalate inorganic soils, and a Holocene marine terrace, dinoflagellate cysts, and foraminiferal linings, which are potentially derived from the sea, and chemical features (e.g., the Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio) as indicators of seawater inflow into a coastal lagoon. The spatial distribution and recurrence of earthquakes and tsunamis in the EMJS were found based on previous paleo-tsunami studies. The difference between tsunami deposits caused by offshore active faults and those by megathrust earthquakes only manifests itself in the horizontal and vertical directions, but not in the sedimentary environments and structures. The data thus inferred can be used for the estimation of offshore active fault models and validation of previous tsunami disaster reconstructions in the future. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
关键词	Earthquake Eastern margin of Japan Sea Offshore active fault Tsunami Tsunami deposits
英文关键词	active fault; earthquake event; fault zone; ground motion; seismic hazard; tectonic evolution; tectonic setting; tsunami; Pacific Ocean; Sea of Japan; Dinophyceae
语种	英语
来源期刊	Earth Science Reviews
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/203900
作者单位	Niigata University, Japan; Geological Survey of Hokkaido, Japan
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Takashimizu Y.,Kawakami G.,Urabe A.. Tsunamis caused by offshore active faults and their deposits[J],2020,211.
APA	Takashimizu Y.,Kawakami G.,&Urabe A..(2020).Tsunamis caused by offshore active faults and their deposits.Earth Science Reviews,211.
MLA	Takashimizu Y.,et al."Tsunamis caused by offshore active faults and their deposits".Earth Science Reviews 211(2020).