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DOI	10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.008
	Defining the morphological quality of fossil footprints. Problems and principles of preservation in tetrapod ichnology with examples from the Palaeozoic to the present
	Marchetti L.; Belvedere M.; Voigt S.; Klein H.; Castanera D.; Díaz-Martínez I.; Marty D.; Xing L.; Feola S.; Melchor R.N.; Farlow J.O.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	00128252
起始页码	109
结束页码	145
卷号	193
英文摘要	The morphology of fossil footprints is the basis of vertebrate footprint ichnology. However, the processes acting during and after trace fossil registration which are responsible for the final morphology have never been precisely defined, resulting in a dearth of nomenclature. Therefore, we discuss the concepts of ichnotaphonomy, ichnostratinomy, taphonomy, biostratinomy, registration and diagenesis and describe the processes acting on footprint morphology. In order to evaluate the morphological quality of tetrapod footprints, we introduce the concept of morphological preservation, which is related to the morphological quality of footprints (M-preservation, acronym MP), and distinguish it from physical preservation (P-preservation, acronym PP), which characterizes whether or not a track is eliminated by taphonomic and diagenetic processes. M-preservation includes all the morphological features produced during and after track registration prior to its study, and may be divided into substages (ichnostratinomic, registrational, taphonomic, stratinomic, diagenetic). Moreover, we propose an updated numerical preservation scale for M-preservation. It ranges from 0.0 (worst preservation) to 3.0 (best preservation); intermediate values may be used and specific features may be indicated by letters. In vertebrate footprint ichnotaxonomy, we regard the anatomy-consistent morphology and to a lesser extent the trackway pattern as the only acceptable ichnotaxobases. Only footprints showing a good morphological preservation (grade 2.0–3.0) are useful in ichnotaxonomy, whereas ichnotaxa based on poor morphological preservation (grade 0.0–1.5) are considered ichnotaphotaxa (nomina dubia) characterized by extramorphologies. We applied the preservation scale on examples from the Palaeozoic to the present time, including three ichnotaphotaxa and 18 anatomy-consistent ichnotaxa/morphotypes attributed to several vertebrate footprint producers. Results indicate the utility, feasibility and suitability of this method for the entire vertebrate footprint record in any lithofacies, strongly recommending its use in future ichnotaxonomic studies. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
关键词	Dinosaur tracks Foot anatomy Ichnotaxobases Morphological preservation Preservation scale
英文关键词	dinosaur; footprint; fossil; ichnology; morphology; Paleozoic; preservation; Dinosauria; Tetrapoda; Vertebrata
语种	英语
来源期刊	Earth Science Reviews
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/203500
作者单位	Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP/Burg Lichtenberg (Pfalz), Burgstrasse 19, Thallichtenberg, 66871, Germany; Section d'Archéologie et Paléontologie, Paléontologie A16, Office de la Culture, Porrentruy, Canton Jura, Switzerland; Saurierwelt Paläontologisches Museum, Alte Richt 7, Neumarkt, D-92318, Germany; Mesozoic Research Group, Institut Català de Paleontologia ‘Miquel Crusafont’, C/Escola Industrial 23, Sabadell, Catalonia 08201, Spain; CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigacion en Paleobiología y Geología (IIPG), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Av. Roca 1242, General Roca, Río Negro 8332, Argentina; Natural History Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, 4001, Switzerland; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Instituto Geológico del Sur (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca, 8000, A...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Marchetti L.,Belvedere M.,Voigt S.,et al. Defining the morphological quality of fossil footprints. Problems and principles of preservation in tetrapod ichnology with examples from the Palaeozoic to the present[J],2019,193.
APA	Marchetti L..,Belvedere M..,Voigt S..,Klein H..,Castanera D..,...&Farlow J.O..(2019).Defining the morphological quality of fossil footprints. Problems and principles of preservation in tetrapod ichnology with examples from the Palaeozoic to the present.Earth Science Reviews,193.
MLA	Marchetti L.,et al."Defining the morphological quality of fossil footprints. Problems and principles of preservation in tetrapod ichnology with examples from the Palaeozoic to the present".Earth Science Reviews 193(2019).