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DOI	10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116320
	How do deep-water volcanoes grow?
	Sun Q.; Magee C.; Jackson C.A.-L.; Mitchell S.J.; Xie X.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0012821X
卷号	542
英文摘要	Deep-water volcanoes are emplaced in water depths >1.0 km and are widespread along continental margins and in ocean basins. Whilst the external morphology of deep-water volcanoes can be mapped using bathymetric surveys, their internal structure and true volume remain enigmatic. It is thus difficult to determine how deep-water volcanoes grow. We investigate 13 Late Miocene-to-Quaternary, deep-water volcanoes that are imaged in 3D by seismic reflection data from the northern South China Sea, which allow us to quantify their external morphology and examine their internal structure. These deep-water volcanoes were emplaced in water depths >1.5 km, are relatively small (<3.0 km diameter, <0.56 km tall, and <0.92 km3 in volume), and have steep slopes (up to 42°). Most of the volcanoes have erosional, ‘crater-like’ bases, infilled with sub-horizontal seismic reflections. These crater-like bases are overlain by downward-converging, conical seismic reflections delineating the classical volcano morphology. We suggest the crater-like bases formed by excavation of cold, wet, and poorly consolidated near-seabed sediment during expulsion of hydrothermal fluid, and not by explosive magmatic eruptions or gravitational subsidence. Erupted igneous material infilled the precursor craters with the observed sub-horizontal layers, likely comprising hyaloclastites. After this initial phase of volcanism, the buildup of volcanic material produced layers that are now represented by the flank-parallel or downward-converging, conical seismic reflections. We suggest high hydrostatic pressures of >15 MPa, which are typical of water depths >1.5 km, inhibited degassing and fragmentation of ascending magma and thus erupted lava. This lack of degassing and fragmentation permitted effusive eruptions during the latter stages of volcanism. Our models for volcano growth in the deep submarine realm demonstrate the power of using 3D seismic data when investigating the internal structure and total volume of deep-water volcanoes. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
关键词	deep-water volcanoes erosion extrusion dynamics growth mechanism South China Sea volcanism
英文关键词	Bathymetry; Degassing; Hydrographic surveys; Hydrostatic pressure; Morphology; Seismic waves; Seismology; Bathymetric survey; Continental margin; High hydrostatic pressure; Hydrothermal fluids; Internal structure; Northern South China Sea; Seismic reflection data; Seismic reflections; Volcanoes; continental margin; deep water; lava; magma; ocean basin; submarine volcano; volcanic eruption; volcanism; Pacific Ocean; South China Sea
语种	英语
来源期刊	Earth and Planetary Science Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/202916
作者单位	Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China; Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China; College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Institute of Geophysics and Tectonics, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Basins Research Group (BRG), Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College, London, SW7 2BP, United Kingdom; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Sun Q.,Magee C.,Jackson C.A.-L.,et al. How do deep-water volcanoes grow?[J],2020,542.
APA	Sun Q.,Magee C.,Jackson C.A.-L.,Mitchell S.J.,&Xie X..(2020).How do deep-water volcanoes grow?.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,542.
MLA	Sun Q.,et al."How do deep-water volcanoes grow?".Earth and Planetary Science Letters 542(2020).