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DOI10.5194/tc-14-309-2020
Glacier algae accelerate melt rates on the south-western Greenland Ice Sheet
Cook J.M.; Tedstone A.J.; Williamson C.; McCutcheon J.; Hodson A.J.; Dayal A.; Skiles M.; Hofer S.; Bryant R.; McAree O.; McGonigle A.; Ryan J.; Anesio A.M.; Irvine-Fynn T.D.L.; Hubbard A.; Hanna E.; Flanner M.; Mayanna S.; Benning L.G.; Van As D.; Yallop M.; McQuaid J.B.; Gribbin T.; Tranter M.
发表日期2020
ISSN19940416
起始页码309
结束页码330
卷号14期号:1
英文摘要Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is the largest single contributor to eustatic sea level and is amplified by the growth of pigmented algae on the ice surface, which increases solar radiation absorption. This biological albedo-reducing effect and its impact upon sea level rise has not previously been quantified. Here, we combine field spectroscopy with a radiative-transfer model, supervised classification of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and satellite remote-sensing data, and runoff modelling to calculate biologically driven ice surface ablation. We demonstrate that algal growth led to an additional 4.4-6.0 Gt of runoff from bare ice in the south-western sector of the GrIS in summer 2017, representing 10%-13% of the total. In localized patches with high biomass accumulation, algae accelerated melting by up to 26.15±3.77% (standard error, SE). The year 2017 was a high-albedo year, so we also extended our analysis to the particularly low-albedo 2016 melt season. The runoff from the south-western bare-ice zone attributed to algae was much higher in 2016 at 8.8-12.2 Gt, although the proportion of the total runoff contributed by algae was similar at 9 %-13 %. Across a 10 000 km2 area around our field site, algae covered similar proportions of the exposed bare ice zone in both years (57.99% in 2016 and 58.89% in 2017), but more of the algal ice was classed as "high biomass" in 2016 (8.35 %) than 2017 (2.54 %). This interannual comparison demonstrates a positive feedback where more widespread, higher-biomass algal blooms are expected to form in highmelt years where the winter snowpack retreats further and earlier, providing a larger area for bloom development and also enhancing the provision of nutrients and liquid water liberated from melting ice. Our analysis confirms the importance of this biological albedo feedback and that its omission from predictive models leads to the systematic underestimation of Greenland's future sea level contribution, especially because both the bare-ice zones available for algal colonization and the length of the biological growth season are set to expand in the future. © Author(s) 2020.
英文关键词ablation; absorption; alga; algal bloom; colonization; glacioeustacy; melting; remote sensing; runoff; satellite data; sea level; solar radiation; unmanned vehicle; Arctic; Greenland; Greenland Ice Sheet; algae
语种英语
来源期刊Cryosphere
文献类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/202054
作者单位Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Winter Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2TN, United Kingdom; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, United Kingdom; Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Berkely Square, Bristol, BS8 1RL, United Kingdom; School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Department of Geology, University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, 9171, Norway; Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, 6856, Norway; Department of Geography, University of Utah, Central Campus Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom; School of Geosciences, University of Sydney,...
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GB/T 7714
Cook J.M.,Tedstone A.J.,Williamson C.,et al. Glacier algae accelerate melt rates on the south-western Greenland Ice Sheet[J],2020,14(1).
APA Cook J.M..,Tedstone A.J..,Williamson C..,McCutcheon J..,Hodson A.J..,...&Tranter M..(2020).Glacier algae accelerate melt rates on the south-western Greenland Ice Sheet.Cryosphere,14(1).
MLA Cook J.M.,et al."Glacier algae accelerate melt rates on the south-western Greenland Ice Sheet".Cryosphere 14.1(2020).
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