气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): 西北典型山地森林景观格局与质量对水文生态过程的影响

CCPortal

	西北典型山地森林景观格局与质量对水文生态过程的影响
项目编号	30500075
	杨国靖
项目主持机构	中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所;中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院
开始日期	2006
结束日期	2008-12-31
中文摘要	【中文摘要】本项目以祁连山中段黑河上游山区为例，对干旱区山地森林景观格局与森林质量动态变化及其水文生态效应进行研究，重点是森林景观空间格局与水- - 生态过程分析和森林景观的生态系统服务功能。研究结果表明：黑河上游山区景观空间异质性高，受海拔、坡向和坡度的影响较大，1980年以来，乔木林、灌木林和农田面积均呈增加趋势，而疏林、草地和裸地面积相应减少，且乔木林破碎化程度降低，其他景观要素的破碎化在增加；就森林景观质量而言，林分的林龄、郁闭度和单蓄积量均呈增加趋势，变异性也均有所增加，使林分结构更加多元化；乔木林面积的增加导致流域蒸散量的增加，同时也增强了流域水文调节功能，流域森林面积每增加1平方千米，流域对降水的综合调节能力将提高0.35t/100平方米，旱季径流比例也相应增加；在森林面积不变的情况下随着林龄、林分郁闭度及地表枯落物的增加，径流量也有增加的趋势，且大面积斑块林地比相同多个面积小斑块的林地具有更高的水源涵养功能。计算结果表明，祁连山区山地森林最重要的生态服务功能是就是涵养水源和水土保持，干旱区山地森林生态系统所提供的生态服务功能价值是当地社会创造的经济价值的3～5倍。【英文摘要】Mountain-forest ecosystem is the most important part of a mountain ecosystem, and the hydrological process is the most important element in the interaction effects between the forest and ecology. In this study, using the basic principle of landscape ecology, analysis methods of landscape pattern, and the methods of GIS and mathematics, we analyzed the mountain forest spatial landscape structure of the upstream Heihe River of Qilian Mountains in northwest China. The results show that, it is a high heterogeneous landscape system, which main landscape element is mountain grassland, with big area of mountain forests, high mountain meadows, and rock-nakedness lands distributing broadly, also with small area of cropland, human residential area, factory and diggings area, and water area distributing fragmentally. Landscape elements distribution affected by the altitude, slope direction and grade, and each landscape element with a different spatial pattern features. Using the forest investigation database, we evaluate the fragmentation degree of the forest landscape and the forest change during the past 10 years. The results indicate that, forest fragmentation has been alleviated from 1990 to 2000, while the others have been aggravated.With the cases of Dayekou River watershed and Haichaoba River watershed of the upstream Heihe River Mountains, we analyzed the forest landscape pattern and the hydrological features of the two watersheds. The results showed that, different spatial structure of landscape elements in the two watersheds with different raining distribution and water transfer mode, so as to produce different hydrology adjusting function, and make them have different eco-hydrological effects. The result of the case study also indicate that, with a certain forest area of the two watersheds, Runoff modulus will increase following the forest growing stock adding, while Evapotrans-piration will decrease. Therefore, improving the quality of the forest landscape will benefit to enhance its hydrology adjusting function, and adding forest area will helpful to increase the eco-hydrology effects of the river basin area. The indirect value of forest ecosystem service function is 3-5 times largeer than the local GNP . It show that if we enlarge the high forest area by reasonable measure, the value of ecosystem service function in arid mountain will be enhanced greatly. 【结题摘要】本项目以祁连山中段黑河上游山区为例，对干旱区山地森林景观格局与森林质量动态变化及其水文生态效应进行研究，重点是森林景观空间格局与水- - 生态过程分析和森林景观的生态系统服务功能。研究结果表明：黑河上游山区景观空间异质性高，受海拔、坡向和坡度的影响较大，1980年以来，乔木林、灌木林和农田面积均呈增加趋势，而疏林、草地和裸地面积相应减少，且乔木林破碎化程度降低，其他景观要素的破碎化在增加；就森林景观质量而言，林分的林龄、郁闭度和单蓄积量均呈增加趋势，变异性也均有所增加，使林分结构更加多元化；乔木林面积的增加导致流域蒸散量的增加，同时也增强了流域水文调节功能，流域森林面积每增加1平方千米，流域对降水的综合调节能力将提高0.35t/100平方米，旱季径流比例也相应增加；在森林面积不变的情况下随着林龄、林分郁闭度及地表枯落物的增加，径流量也有增加的趋势，且大面积斑块林地比相同多个面积小斑块的林地具有更高的水源涵养功能。计算结果表明，祁连山区山地森林最重要的生态服务功能是就是涵养水源和水土保持，干旱区山地森林生态系统所提供的生态服务功能价值是当地社会创造的经济价值的3～5倍。
中文关键词	山地森林景观格局森林质量水文生态过程干旱区
英文关键词	Mountain forest;Landscape pattern;Forest quality;Eco-hydrological effect;Arid area
学科分类	0603 - 生态学;06 - 生物科学
资助机构	CN-NSFC
项目经费	260000
项目类型	青年科学基金项目
国家	中国
语种	中文
来源机构	中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院
文献类型	项目
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/195261
作者单位	中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所;中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	杨国靖.西北典型山地森林景观格局与质量对水文生态过程的影响.2006.

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