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| Environmental determinism of ancient societies: the economic model of the Bronze Age cultures of the Caucasus and steppe in a changing climate | |
| 项目编号 | 20-18-18020 |
| Borisov Aleksandr | |
| 项目主持机构 | Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, |
| 开始日期 | 2020 |
| 结束日期 | 2021 |
| 英文摘要 | The aim of the project is to study the dynamics and forms of occupation of the Caucasus mountain zone by ancient societies . The project involves the study of changes in paleoecological conditions in different parts of the mountain zone of the Caucasus during the Bronze Age – the Early Iron Age and the establishment of the impact of climatic fluctuations on the life of societies of ancient farmers and pastoralists. The study of interrelations in the system "natural environment-ancient societies" will be based on a comprehensive analysis of natural and anthropogenic paleoarchives (peatlands, buried soils and cultural layers of settlements), containing evidence of various forms of ancient economy in the mountain zone of the Eastern, Central and Western Caucasus. The relevance of this study is associated with a lack and high fragmentation of information about the dynamics of climate and human development of the mountain zone of the Caucasus. So, at the moment, only for the Eastern Caucasus paleoecological reconstructions of high resolution have been created, which are focused on revealing the features of settlement and economic development of the region in connection with the dynamics of paleoecological conditions. But even in this case there are no data for two stratigraphic levels - the middle mountaine zone and the Alpine zone. The available spore-pollen columns of the Central and Western Caucasus cover only the highlands. Moreover, such columns are often not sufficiently dated and hardly can be used as paleoclimatic archives from the point of view of paleoecology - the interaction of the object (human society) with the environment - and does not reveal the mechanism of climate influence on the economy of ancient societies. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that for the first time the traces and forms of human occupation of the mountain zone will be studied in three paleoarchives - peatlands, cultural layers of settlements and in the soils of their potential economic zone. A series of high-resolution paleoclimatic columns will be obtained for three parts of the Caucasus, which differ significantly in climatic conditions and archaeological situation – Western, Central and Eastern Caucasus. In each region, peatlands in the Alpine zone, in the high-altitude zon, mid-mountain zone and foothills will be explored. For the obtained columns, radiocarbon dates will be obtained with a resolution of up to 50-100 years. In their study, special emphasis will be placed on the analysis of traces of cultivated cereals, field and residential weeds, as well as the identification of signs of pasture digression. Special emphasis will be placed on the study of the phenomenon of cattle mountain pastoralism – the time of its occurrence and peculiarities in different parts of the mountainous country. Сontemporaneously, paleobotanical, phytolith, carpological, microbiological and helminth analyses of the cultural layers of settlements that will be excavated in 2020-2021 will be carried out. In the economic periphery of the settlements, the soil sections will be made, archaeological material will be analyzed, flotation and radiocarbon Dating of the discovered seeds will be performed, and the searching other evidence of agricultural or pastoral economy will be carried out using the entire spectrum of the above methods. A separate area of work will be radiocarbon dating of the sites of the Bronze Age – the Early Iron Age, for which the chronological position is not accurately defined. For this purpose, it is supposed to obtain not less than 20 new AMS dates on materials from the closed complexes and a series of scintillation dates of bones and coals from cultural layers of settlements. Thus, for the first time, the climate dynamics and the history of human occupation of the mountain zone, as well as features of ancient economy in different parts of the Caucasus will be obtain. |
| 英文关键词 | The Caucasus;the steppe;the Bronze Age;the climate;the spore-pollen analysis;radiocarbon dating;agriculture;cattle breeding |
| 学科分类 | 15 - 社会科学与人文 |
| 资助机构 | RU-RSF |
| 国家 | RU |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 文献类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/191729 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Borisov Aleksandr.Environmental determinism of ancient societies: the economic model of the Bronze Age cultures of the Caucasus and steppe in a changing climate.2020. |
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