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| Wind and vortex emission and transport of dust aerosol in the atmospheric boundary layer of desertified and arid zones | |
| 项目编号 | 20-17-00214 |
| Chkhetiani Otto | |
| 项目主持机构 | A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, |
| 开始日期 | 2020 |
| 结束日期 | 2022 |
| 英文摘要 | The global warming observed on our planet at the present time entails a change in many processes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere, occurring both individually in each of them and during their interaction with each other. In particular, one of such processes at the atmosphere – lithosphere boundary is the generation and emission of dust aerosol from desert and arid territories. In turn, dust aerosol affects the radiation regime of the atmosphere and cloud formation processes, i.e. has a direct or indirect effect on the climate, which can introduce significant uncertainties in its modeling and forecasting. The generation and emission of aerosol from desertified and arid territories is caused by a large number of factors, such as the interaction of the underlying surface with the wind-sand flow, a large temperature gradient in the surface layer of the atmosphere due to radiation heating of the underlying surface, turbulence, convection, the presence of coherent structures in the surface layer, electrification wind sand flow, etc. The influence of these factors on the generation and emission of aerosol, due to the difficulty of obtaining experimental data and the significant remoteness of the main areas of emission, is still not well understood. Their study, in particular, can make it possible to create refined parameterizations of the process of dust aerosol entering the atmosphere for their use in regional and global atmospheric models, climatic scenarios. The existing parameterizations can give big errors both due to insufficient knowledge of the processes of generation and emission of aerosol, and due to the changing climatic situation in the desert and arid zones. The aim of this project is to study the fundamental problem of the quantitative impact of desertified and arid regions on air pollution due to the emission of fine and medium-sized aerosol particles from the underlying surface. The project provides experimental and theoretical studies of dynamic processes in the convective boundary layer of the atmosphere and the process of emission of dust aerosol from the underlying surface in desert and arid territories, including the study of the variability of microphysical parameters and chemical composition of dust aerosol, the gradients of its microstructure and vertical turbulent flows, the study of vortex structures of convective and shear origin of various scales and their influence on gradients m microstructures and turbulent flows of dust aerosol, study of the role of electrification in the process of dust aerosol emission using field measurements and laboratory experiment, development of models of dust aerosol transfer in the convective boundary layer of the atmosphere and assessment of climatic and environmental consequences of dust aerosol transfer taking into account its transformation and interaction with regional smog, as well as numerical modeling of the processes of transport and emission of aerosols from the underlying surface in the atmosphere polar boundary layer with the influence of coherent structures of various sizes. This project will carry out theoretical studies, supported by computational experiments using an open source mathematical package, to simulate the ideal case of aeolian dust emission processes of different scales from millimeters to hundreds of meters, taking into account the characteristics of a surface source of aeolian dust, based on which it is supposed to refine the flow parameterization scheme aerosol from the underlying surface for its subsequent inclusion in regional atmospheric models, in particular, m a small-scale atmospheric model WRF-ARW, models WRF-LES and WRF-Chem. A research search is proposed for an effective method for enlarging the scope of the consideration of dynamic processes by parametrizing to simulate the ideal case by abstracting from details taken into account on a smaller scale and including the significant statistical properties of the surface and the flow medium. For these purposes, schematic maps will be used on a microscale, on a mesoscale, reference structures of a dune type surface with dimensions of 10-500 m. Theoretical studies will be carried out on the effect of air flow on microprocesses near the underlying surface in a millimeter layer: such as particle mobility, formation and growth conditions of microvortices, heat fluxes in the internal structure of sandy soil. To solve the problems of the project, series of data from previously performed comprehensive measurements of the physicochemical characteristics of aerosol in the surface atmosphere of the desert and arid zones of the South of Russia, results of reanalysis of meteorological fields, satellite monitoring data of aerosol optical thickness, lidar satellite sounding data and results of optical and microphysical reconstructions will also be used. aerosol characteristics according to monitoring data at AERONET stations, results of numerical simulation of aerosol emission with taking into account the characteristics of a surface source of dust .. The scientific novelty of the planned studies is determined by an integrated approach to solving the problems of desertification and aridization, based on a combination of field observations, laboratory experiments, numerical modeling, theoretical analysis and providing a joint solution to the problems of the dynamics of the convective boundary layer of the atmosphere and the mechanism of emission of dust aerosol from desertified and arid territories using new methods, including the correlation method for measuring vertical turbulent flows, a new method for agnostics electrifying dust aerosol. New transport models that take into account the properties of real coherent structures in the atmospheric boundary layer will make it possible to adequately describe the transport of dust aerosol in the atmosphere and more accurately evaluate the effects of transport. Parameterization schemes for aerosol emission from the underlying surface in regional models will be clarified. The obtained numerical results can be used to model aeolian processes and the dust cycle on Mars. The relevance of solving the problems posed is related to the need to study the mechanisms of dust aerosol emission from desertified and arid territories, to develop adequate transport models in the convective boundary layer, and to assess the consequences of the present and future desertification of the Earth. |
| 英文关键词 | desertification;aridisation;dust aerosol;wind and vortex emission;transport;long-range aerosol transformation;microphysical parameters;chemical composition;underlying surface;convective coherent structures;vertical turbulent fluxes;microvortices;thermals;formation mechanisms;electrization;transport model;numerical experiment;radiative effect;ecological impact |
| 学科分类 | 08 - 地球科学 |
| 资助机构 | RU-RSF |
| 国家 | RU |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 文献类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/191726 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Chkhetiani Otto.Wind and vortex emission and transport of dust aerosol in the atmospheric boundary layer of desertified and arid zones.2020. |
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