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| Impacts of large volcanic eruptions on climate and societies: proxies, models and solutions for the future | |
| 项目编号 | IZSEZ0_191975 |
| Stoffel Markus | |
| 项目主持机构 | University of Geneva - GE |
| 开始日期 | 2020-07-01 |
| 结束日期 | 2020-09-30 |
| 英文摘要 | Large explosive volcanic eruptions can inject massive amounts of sulphuric gases into the stratosphere. Sulphate aerosols, which are produced in the stratosphere by the oxidation of these gases, can substantially perturb the Earth’s radiative balance and cool the troposphere and hence surface temperatures on time scales of months to years. Such cooling has been held responsible for crop failures and consequent rises in grain prices, thereby contributing to subsistence crisis and famines. The explosive eruption of Tambora in April 1815 - the largest event of the last 500 years - is illustrative of this, with strong evidence for a causal linkage between extreme weather experienced in 1816 in parts of the northern hemisphere (the “year without summer”), poor harvests, sharp rises in grain prices in Europe and America and the last “great subsistence crisis of the Western world”. As no “Tambora-scale” eruption has occurred during the 20th century, we lack experience of the potential impacts of large eruption on modern societies. This crucial lack of knowledge calls for in-depth transdisciplinary research.The SNF Sinergia project 'CALDERA' tackles some of these questions, as do a series of other ongoing projects at the European (ERC THERA, Dr. Michael Sigl, Berne) scale, in Sweden (Viking; Prof. Kirstin Krueger, Oslo) and in the U.S. (NSF Joseph Manning, Harvard). This workshop is a joint initiative between the PIs of these projects to bring key scientists working in the fields of volcanoes, climate and societies together in Switzerland to discuss big remaining challenges and to jointly work on solutions. By exchanging ideas in dedicated sessions and breakout meetings, we will take advantage of the synergies and cross-disciplinary exchanges. The travel grants are for key scientists in the field worldwide, to boost discussions and exchanges. The PIs of the projects (and some of their staff) will join the workshop but on their own funds. |
| 学科分类 | 0805 - 大气科学;08 - 地球科学 |
| 资助机构 | CH-SNSF |
| 项目经费 | 18300 |
| 项目类型 | Science communication |
| 国家 | CH |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 文献类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/191099 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Stoffel Markus.Impacts of large volcanic eruptions on climate and societies: proxies, models and solutions for the future.2020. |
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